Introduction DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long molecule that carries the genetic instructions of an organism. In every human cell, there are nearly 2 meters of DNA tightly packed into a microscopic nucleus. This compact organization of DNA is achieved through a process called DNA packaging into higher-order structures. This ensures that the DNA […]
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Introduction DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms. To understand how DNA functions, we must understand its structure. DNA has two levels of structural organization: the primary structure and the secondary structure. Primary Structure of DNA The primary structure
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Double-Helical Structure of DNA and the Role of Hydrogen Bonding Introduction DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in all living organisms. It contains the instructions needed for an organism’s growth, development, functioning, and reproduction. The double-helical structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 and remains one of the
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