Introduction Feudalism was a system of land ownership and social organization that dominated medieval Europe from the 9th to the 15th century. In this system, kings gave land to nobles, and peasants worked on that land in return for protection. However, by the end of the Middle Ages, feudalism began to decline. One major reason […]
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Introduction The term “early medieval society” in Indian history refers to the period roughly between the 6th century and the 13th century CE. This was a transitional phase that marked the decline of classical empires like the Guptas and Harshavardhana’s kingdom and the rise of regional states, feudatory structures, and new socio-economic formations. The period
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Introduction The study of early medieval polity in Indian history has been a subject of considerable debate among historians. The period roughly from the 6th to the 13th century CE has traditionally been characterized in conflicting ways: while some scholars termed it a period of political fragmentation and decline, others have argued that it witnessed
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