Introduction The Enlightenment was a major intellectual movement in 17th and 18th century Europe. It emphasized reason, science, and progress. While it brought many positive changes, some philosophers and thinkers later criticized its ideas. In this article, we will explore how Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Herbert Marcuse, and the Frankfurt School criticized the Enlightenment. These […]
(a): Marx’s Historical Materialism Karl Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, economist, and social theorist whose ideas have had a huge impact on politics, economics, and society. One of his most important contributions is Historical Materialism. This concept explains how human history is shaped by material or economic conditions. To keep it simple, Marx believed
What is Urban Sociology? Discuss its Historical Background Urban sociology is a subfield of sociology that studies social structures, relationships, and processes within urban environments. It examines the ways in which people interact, live, and organize themselves in cities and towns. Urban sociology is concerned with understanding how urbanization influences social life and how urban
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Discuss Karl Marx’s Perspective on Class Karl Marx’s theory of class is one of the most influential frameworks in sociology, forming the foundation of Marxist thought. Marx analyzed class as a central element of society, rooted in the economic structure and modes of production. He argued that class struggle is the driving force of historical
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Karl Marx, the 19th-century German philosopher, economist, and political theorist, is renowned for his contributions to the field of political economy, particularly his theory of surplus value. This theory is a central element of Marx’s critique of capitalism and his vision of a classless society. Let’s delve into Marx’s theory of surplus value: 1. Labor
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