Introduction
The carbon cycle is the process through which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. It plays a crucial role in regulating Earth’s climate and supporting life by maintaining the balance of carbon among various components of the ecosystem.
Main Components of the Carbon Cycle
1. Photosynthesis
Green plants and algae absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere and convert it into glucose through photosynthesis, storing carbon in their biomass.
2. Respiration
Organisms, including humans and animals, release CO₂ back into the atmosphere during respiration by breaking down glucose for energy.
3. Decomposition
When plants and animals die, decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down their bodies, releasing CO₂ and methane (CH₄) into the atmosphere or soil.
4. Combustion
Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas releases stored carbon into the atmosphere as CO₂, significantly contributing to global warming.
5. Oceanic Absorption
Oceans absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere. Some of it forms carbonate compounds, while marine organisms use it for forming shells and skeletons.
6. Sedimentation and Fossilization
Carbon from dead organisms can become buried and over millions of years form fossil fuels or sedimentary rocks like limestone.
Diagram Description
The diagram typically includes arrows showing the flow of carbon among plants (photosynthesis), animals (respiration), decomposers (decay), factories (combustion), and oceans (absorption). Please refer to your textbook for the accurate labeled diagram.
Conclusion
The carbon cycle maintains atmospheric balance and supports life on Earth. Disruption due to excess CO₂ emissions leads to global warming and climate change, highlighting the need for sustainable practices.