Write short notes on the following:
a. Back-formation
Back-formation is a process in which a new word is created by removing a part of an existing word. Usually, this involves removing what looks like a prefix or suffix. It often creates a shorter word that did not exist before. For example, the verb “edit” was formed from the noun “editor.” People assumed that “editor” came from “edit” and started using “edit” as a verb. Other examples include:
- “Burgle” from “burglar”
- “Donate” from “donation”
- “Babysit” from “babysitter”
This process is common in English and shows how language can change over time based on how people understand and use words.
b. Compounding
Compounding is the process of combining two or more words to make a new word. This is a very common way to form new words in English. The meaning of the compound word usually relates to the meanings of the individual words. There are three main types of compounds:
- Closed compounds: The words are joined together with no space. Example: “notebook,” “sunflower.”
- Hyphenated compounds: The words are connected with a hyphen. Example: “mother-in-law,” “well-known.”
- Open compounds: The words are written separately but still act as one unit. Example: “post office,” “ice cream.”
Compounding helps to expand the vocabulary of a language quickly. Words like “toothbrush,” “blackboard,” and “smartphone” are all examples of this process.