June 2025

Classify proteins based on their functions and provide examples for each category, such as enzymes, structural proteins, and hormones.

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Classification of Proteins Based on Their Functions with Examples Introduction Proteins perform a wide variety of functions in living organisms. Based on their biological role, proteins can be classified into different functional categories. Understanding these categories helps in studying how the body operates at the molecular level. 1. Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that speed up […]

Classify proteins based on their functions and provide examples for each category, such as enzymes, structural proteins, and hormones. Read More »

Illustrate the structural differences between globular and fibrous proteins with examples.

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Structural Differences Between Globular and Fibrous Proteins Introduction Proteins are essential biological macromolecules with diverse functions. Based on their structure and solubility, they can be broadly classified into two types: globular and fibrous proteins. Each type has distinct characteristics that relate to its role in the body. 1. Globular Proteins Structure: Spherical or globe-like shape

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Explain the four levels of protein structure and the types of bonds involved in maintaining each level.

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Four Levels of Protein Structure and Types of Bonds Involved Introduction Proteins are complex molecules made of amino acids linked together in a specific sequence. The final shape of a protein determines its function and is organized into four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Each level is maintained by specific types of

Explain the four levels of protein structure and the types of bonds involved in maintaining each level. Read More »

Illustrate the steps involved in sequencing a protein and highlight the importance of this process.

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Steps in Protein Sequencing and Its Importance Introduction Protein sequencing is the process of determining the order of amino acids in a protein or peptide. It is crucial for understanding protein structure, function, and interactions. Knowledge of the sequence helps in drug development, disease diagnosis, and protein engineering. Main Steps in Protein Sequencing 1. Protein

Illustrate the steps involved in sequencing a protein and highlight the importance of this process. Read More »

Explain how protein folding is related to diseases such as Alzheimer’s or prion disorders.

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Protein Folding and Its Link to Diseases Like Alzheimer’s and Prion Disorders Introduction Proteins must fold into specific three-dimensional shapes to function properly. Protein folding is a complex process guided by amino acid sequences and assisted by cellular machinery. When proteins fold incorrectly, they can lose function or become harmful. Misfolded proteins are associated with

Explain how protein folding is related to diseases such as Alzheimer’s or prion disorders. Read More »

List and explain the different methods of protein extraction from cells.

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Methods of Protein Extraction from Cells Introduction Protein extraction is the first step in studying proteins and understanding their structure and function. It involves breaking open cells to release the proteins while maintaining their biological activity. Choosing the right extraction method is essential to prevent protein degradation or denaturation. Main Steps in Protein Extraction Cell

List and explain the different methods of protein extraction from cells. Read More »

Explain the principle and applications of dialysis and lyophilization in protein biochemistry.

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Principle and Applications of Dialysis and Lyophilization in Protein Biochemistry Introduction Protein biochemistry involves various techniques to isolate, purify, and preserve proteins for research and medical purposes. Two commonly used methods in this field are dialysis and lyophilization. Both play crucial roles in ensuring that proteins maintain their structure and functionality. 1. Dialysis Principle Dialysis

Explain the principle and applications of dialysis and lyophilization in protein biochemistry. Read More »

Discuss the significance of peptide bonds in protein structure. Include an explanation of how peptide bonds are formed.

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Significance of Peptide Bonds in Protein Structure and Their Formation What is a Peptide Bond? A peptide bond is a special type of covalent bond formed between the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid and the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another. This bond links amino acids together to form peptides and proteins, which are

Discuss the significance of peptide bonds in protein structure. Include an explanation of how peptide bonds are formed. Read More »

Define amino acids and classify them based on their chemical structure and properties.

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Definition and Classification of Amino Acids What are Amino Acids? Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom (called the alpha carbon) bonded to four groups: An amino group (-NH2) A carboxyl group (-COOH) A hydrogen atom (H) A distinctive side chain or R group

Define amino acids and classify them based on their chemical structure and properties. Read More »

BBCCT-103 Assignment Answers Master Post

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BBCCT-103 – Cell Biology: Assignment Answers Master Post Below are the links to all detailed answers for the IGNOU BBCCT-103 assignment: Explain the fundamental principles of cell theory. Compare and contrast the structural and functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Describe basic theory, basic components and applications of confocal microscopy. What is electron microscopy?

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