September 2025

Explain the difference between experimental research and descriptive research.

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Introduction In social research, various methods are used based on the purpose and type of data required. Two common methods are experimental research and descriptive research. These methods differ in their purpose, approach, and application. Experimental Research Experimental research is conducted to test cause-and-effect relationships between variables. It involves manipulation of one variable (independent variable) […]

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What do you mean by observation? Discuss its types, stages, and limitations.

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Introduction Observation is a basic method of data collection in social research where the researcher studies individuals or groups by watching their behavior, activities, or interactions in a natural setting. It is especially useful in rural development research to understand real-life situations. Types of Observation 1. Participant Observation The researcher actively participates in the activities

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What is action research? Explain.

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Introduction Action research is a type of research aimed at solving specific problems through a systematic and participatory approach. It is commonly used in education, community development, and rural development to bring about change while generating knowledge. Definition of Action Research Action research is a process of inquiry conducted by and for those taking action.

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How do you formulate a research problem? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from the area of rural development.

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Introduction The first and most critical step in the research process is the formulation of a research problem. A well-defined problem guides the direction of the study and helps in selecting the right methods for data collection, analysis, and reporting. In rural development, formulating an appropriate research problem ensures that real-life challenges faced by rural

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Describe the methods of sampling in Social Research.

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Introduction Sampling is a crucial step in social research that involves selecting a part of the population for study. Since it’s often not feasible to study an entire population due to time, cost, and logistics, researchers use samples to gather data. A good sampling method ensures that the sample accurately represents the larger population, leading

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MRD-203 Assignment Answers with Correct Links (2024-25)

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MRD-203: Rural Development – Planning and ManagementAssignment Answer Index (2024–2025) Here are the complete and correct links to all answers for the MRD-203 assignment. Each answer is written in simple, easy-to-understand language as per IGNOU guidelines. Describe major dimensions of a project. Discuss in brief about rural development planning methodologies. What do you mean by

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Block Level Planning

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Introduction Block Level Planning is the process of formulating development plans at the block level, which is an intermediate administrative unit between the village and district levels. It ensures that local needs and resources are considered in rural development planning. Key Features Focuses on micro-level planning for a group of villages Coordinates development programmes across

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Factors Determining People’s Participation

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Introduction People’s participation refers to the active involvement of local communities in planning, implementing, and monitoring development activities. It increases ownership and ensures better outcomes in rural development. Main Factors Influencing Participation Awareness: Knowledge about the project and its benefits encourages involvement. Education and Literacy: Educated communities participate more actively. Leadership and Trust: Effective local

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Need for Development Planning

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Introduction Development planning refers to the process of setting goals, strategies, and allocating resources to achieve economic and social progress. In rural areas, planning is essential to ensure balanced and inclusive development. Why Development Planning is Needed Efficient Use of Resources: Ensures proper use of funds, manpower, and materials. Addressing Local Needs: Plans are made

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Evolution of Rural Development Projects

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Introduction The concept of rural development projects has evolved over time in response to changing needs, policies, and challenges. These projects aim to improve the quality of life in rural areas through targeted interventions in various sectors. Stages of Evolution Initial Phase: Focused on community development and infrastructure like roads and wells. Integrated Approach: Combined

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