2025

Highlight the entrepreneurial experience ‘Black To Roots’ of Shri Sanjay Singh.

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Introduction ‘Black to Roots’ is an inspiring rural entrepreneurship story led by Shri Sanjay Singh. His initiative focuses on promoting organic and traditional farming practices, reconnecting people with indigenous food systems, and generating employment in rural areas. This experience reflects how one can combine passion for agriculture with entrepreneurship to create sustainable rural livelihoods. Background […]

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Examine various sources of funds available for rural entrepreneurship.

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Introduction Access to finance is one of the most critical requirements for starting and running a rural enterprise. Rural entrepreneurs often face challenges like lack of collateral, limited financial literacy, and distance from urban financial institutions. However, there are multiple sources of funding available to support rural entrepreneurship in India, ranging from formal to informal

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Discuss the primary management functions in managing a rural enterprise.

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Introduction Managing a rural enterprise requires sound knowledge of basic management principles. These principles help entrepreneurs plan, organize, lead, and control business operations efficiently. The goal is to maximize productivity, reduce risks, and ensure the sustainability of rural businesses. Understanding and applying primary management functions is crucial for the success of any rural enterprise, especially

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what do you understand by Entrepreneurship? Describe its nature and characteristics.

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Introduction Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities, organizing resources, taking risks, and creating value through the establishment and management of new or existing businesses. Entrepreneurs are the individuals who innovate, lead, and drive these processes. In the context of rural development, entrepreneurship plays a critical role in generating income, creating employment, and stimulating local

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Describe the initiatives of non-governmental organizations in the context of rural entrepreneurship.

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Introduction Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in promoting rural entrepreneurship in India. They act as facilitators, motivators, and implementers of development programs aimed at creating self-reliant communities. In the context of rural entrepreneurship, NGOs focus on capacity building, skill development, financial inclusion, market linkage, and empowering marginalized sections, especially women and youth. Their

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MRDE-003 Solved Assignment 2024-25: Land Reforms and Rural Development

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MRDE-003: Land Reforms and Rural Development – Solved Assignment 2024-25 Here are the answers to all the questions from the IGNOU MRDE-003 assignment. Each question is answered in simple, easy-to-understand language for IGNOU students. Click the links below to read each answer. Long Answer Questions Discuss the contribution of land reforms in poverty alleviation and

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Role of Pancyayati Raj Institutions in Social Development

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Introduction Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are local self-government bodies in rural India. They play a crucial role in planning and implementing development programs at the grassroots level. Key Contributions Education and Health: PRIs manage primary schools, health centers, and sanitation. Women Empowerment: Reservations in Panchayats have brought more women into decision-making. Welfare Schemes: Implementation of

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Land Revenue System of the Marathas

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Introduction The Maratha Empire had a well-organized land revenue system which was an evolution of the earlier systems like that of Shivaji and influenced by Mughal practices. Key Features Chauth and Sardeshmukhi: Taxes collected from neighboring states (not land-based) for military protection. Revenue Survey: Detailed land measurements were conducted to assess tax fairly. Village Accountability:

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National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2003

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Introduction The National Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy, 2003 was introduced to protect the rights of people displaced due to development projects like dams, highways, or industries. Key Features Compensation: Fair compensation for lost land and property. Rehabilitation Grants: Assistance for housing, livelihoods, and resettlement. Focus on Vulnerable Groups: Priority to SCs, STs, and women

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Agrarian Structure in Pre-British India

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Introduction Before British rule, India’s agrarian structure was largely based on customary rights, communal ownership, and village-level governance. Land was seen as a source of livelihood and not merely property. Main Features Community Ownership: Villages often managed land collectively. Customary Tenure: Farmers had hereditary rights and rarely faced eviction. Role of Village Institutions: Panchayats managed

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