2025

Write a note on the ‘Family Resemblance” in Wittgenstein’s philosophy.

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Introduction One of the most influential ideas in later Wittgenstein’s philosophy is the concept of “Family Resemblance”, introduced in his work Philosophical Investigations. This concept challenges the traditional notion that every category must be defined by a fixed set of essential characteristics. Understanding Family Resemblance Wittgenstein observed that many concepts, like “game,” cannot be defined […]

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‘Esse est percepi’. Examine.

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Introduction The Latin phrase “Esse est percipi”, meaning “To be is to be perceived,” is famously associated with the Irish philosopher George Berkeley. This idea lies at the heart of his idealist philosophy, which denies the existence of material substances independent of perception. According to Berkeley, the existence of objects depends entirely on their being

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What do you understand by Myth as a spiritual metaphor?

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Introduction Myth as a spiritual metaphor refers to symbolic stories that convey deep truths about existence, morality, and human destiny. Myths are not merely fictional tales; they are allegorical narratives that express spiritual insights and metaphysical realities. They serve as metaphors to explain the human condition and the universe’s mysteries. Spiritual Significance of Myths In

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Figure out differences between Hegel and Marx’s Dialectic method.

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Introduction Hegel and Marx both employed the dialectic method in their philosophical systems, but they did so with distinct aims and principles. While Hegel’s dialectic was idealist, emphasizing the development of ideas and spirit, Marx transformed the method into a materialist tool to understand and critique social and economic structures. Hegel’s Dialectic Hegel’s dialectic is

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Explain the Dialectic method of Buddha.

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Introduction The dialectic method of Buddha refers to the way in which he engaged in philosophical dialogue to explore and teach the nature of reality, suffering, and liberation. Unlike Western dialectics which often involve structured debate, Buddha’s method emphasized compassion, pragmatism, and the path to enlightenment. Nature of Buddhist Dialectic Buddha’s dialectic was not focused

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Write a short essay on Tools of research.

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Introduction Research tools are essential instruments or methods used to collect, analyze, and interpret data. In philosophy, research tools help explore abstract concepts, construct arguments, and evaluate ideas logically. While philosophical research is not always empirical, it still relies on certain tools to ensure clarity, coherence, and critical thinking. Types of Research Tools Logic and

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What is the concept of Shakti in Indian Philosophy? Explain.

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Introduction In Indian philosophy, the concept of Shakti holds a central place, particularly in the traditions of Tantra, Shaktism, and certain schools of Vedanta. Shakti, meaning “power” or “energy,” represents the dynamic, active principle of the universe. It is often personified as the Divine Mother or Goddess, symbolizing creation, preservation, and destruction. Philosophical Meaning Shakti

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Discuss Descartes’ rational method in detail.

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Introduction René Descartes, a 17th-century French philosopher, is often called the father of modern philosophy. His rational method laid the foundation for the shift from medieval scholasticism to a modern, scientific worldview. Descartes emphasized reason as the path to knowledge and developed a methodical approach grounded in doubt, clarity, and logical deduction. Method of Systematic

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Evaluate Derrida’s idea of Deconstruction?

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Introduction Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher, introduced the concept of Deconstruction as a critical method to analyze texts, structures, and meanings. Deconstruction does not seek to destroy but to dismantle traditional assumptions, uncover hidden biases, and reveal the complexity and instability of meaning. It is a cornerstone of postmodern philosophy and literary theory. Core Ideas

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Compare Leibniz’s and Spinoza’s aim of philosophy.

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Introduction Leibniz and Spinoza were two towering figures of 17th-century rationalist philosophy. Though both believed in the power of reason and a rational structure to reality, their aims and philosophical methods differed significantly. This comparison highlights how each viewed the role and purpose of philosophy in understanding the world, God, and the human condition. Leibniz’s

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