What is a Human Right? Human rights are basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, simply because they are human. These rights are universal, meaning they apply to all people regardless of race, religion, nationality, or gender. Examples Right to life Freedom of speech Right to education Right to equality Importance Human rights […]
What is Pancasila? Pancasila is the official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state. The word means “Five Principles” in Sanskrit. It was introduced by Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia, in 1945. The Five Principles Belief in one God Just and civilized humanity Unity of Indonesia Democracy guided by wisdom Social justice for all Purpose
What is Eudaimonia? Eudaimonia is a Greek word that means “human flourishing” or “the good life.” It is the central goal in Aristotle’s ethics. Unlike temporary happiness, eudaimonia is a long-term state of living well and fulfilling one’s potential. Aristotle’s View According to Aristotle, eudaimonia is achieved by living a life of virtue and reason.
What is a Hypothetical Imperative? The hypothetical imperative is a concept in Kantian ethics. It tells us what we should do if we want to achieve a certain goal. It is based on conditions and depends on desires or outcomes. Structure It has the form: “If you want X, then you should do Y.” Example:
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Doctrine of Karma in Hinduism and Buddhism The doctrine of karma is a central concept in both Hinduism and Buddhism. It explains how actions (karma) lead to consequences in this life or future lives. Though similar, both religions interpret and apply karma in different ways. Hinduism In Hinduism, karma refers to the law of cause
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What is Distributive Justice? Distributive justice refers to the fair and just distribution of resources, wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society. It is an important concept in ethics, economics, and political philosophy. Key Principles Equality: Everyone should be treated equally and receive the same share. Need-Based: Resources should be distributed according to people’s needs. Merit-Based:
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Understanding Moral Pluralism in Bioethics Moral pluralism is the view that there is more than one correct answer to moral questions. It accepts that different values, cultures, and ethical systems can provide different but valid responses to ethical issues. In the field of bioethics, this idea becomes very important. Bioethical Issues Bioethics deals with moral
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Cosmopolitan View in International Ethics The cosmopolitan view is the belief that all human beings, regardless of nationality, race, or culture, are part of a single global community. In international ethics, cosmopolitanism argues that moral rules and duties should apply equally to all people everywhere. Main Features of Cosmopolitan Ethics Universal Morality: Moral values such
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Is the Public the Real Censor Board? The statement “Public is the real censor board” means that in the end, it is the people who decide what kind of content is acceptable in society. Even though formal censor boards exist to regulate movies, media, and literature, the public plays a more powerful role through their
Understanding Existentialist Humanism Existentialist humanism is a philosophical view that combines existentialist ideas with humanist values. It is most famously discussed by French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in his lecture “Existentialism is a Humanism.” Core Ideas Existentialism teaches that human beings have no fixed nature or purpose. Instead, each person is free to shape their life
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