(a) Stylistics & Linguistics
Stylistics is the study of style in language, especially in literature. It analyzes how linguistic choices like tone, diction, syntax, and figurative language create meaning and emotional impact. Linguistics, on the other hand, is the scientific study of language and its structure. Stylistics uses tools from linguistics to study how texts are constructed and how they affect readers. Together, stylistics and linguistics help in understanding the artistic use of language, making them essential for literary analysis and translation studies.
(b) Syntagmatic & Paradigmatic analysis of signs in a text
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic analysis are two key concepts in structural linguistics and semiotics. Syntagmatic analysis looks at how words or signs are arranged in sequence (e.g., word order in a sentence). Paradigmatic analysis studies how a word can be replaced by others in the same category (e.g., ‘dog’ could be replaced by ‘cat’ or ‘bird’). Together, these analyses help in understanding meaning construction in texts and are useful in decoding language structure, especially in translation and literary studies.