Short Notes
i) Cities of Delhi
Delhi, one of the oldest cities in the world, has seen the rise and fall of many dynasties, each leaving behind a unique cityscape. From the ancient city of Indraprastha mentioned in the Mahabharata to the more recent New Delhi developed by the British, the capital has evolved through various phases. The Sultanate period introduced cities like Mehrauli and Siri, while the Mughal era gifted us Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi). Each city was built for strategic, political, and cultural reasons and reflected the architecture and planning of its time. These multiple cities collectively shaped the complex historical and cultural identity of present-day Delhi.
ii) Human-Wildlife Conflicts
Human-wildlife conflicts occur when wildlife requirements encroach on human settlements, leading to negative interactions. These conflicts are common near forests and protected areas. Examples include elephants destroying crops, leopards attacking livestock, and tigers straying into villages. The reasons behind these conflicts include habitat loss, fragmentation, deforestation, and urban expansion. Conservation strategies now focus on community involvement, creating buffer zones, building barriers, and using technology like radio collars. Addressing these conflicts is essential for both biodiversity conservation and human safety.
iii) Bhopal Gas Tragedy
The Bhopal Gas Tragedy of December 1984 was one of the world’s worst industrial disasters. A deadly gas, methyl isocyanate, leaked from the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Thousands died immediately, and many more suffered long-term health issues. The tragedy highlighted the lack of safety measures, poor maintenance, and inadequate disaster preparedness. It led to widespread criticism of industrial policies and called for strict environmental regulations. Even today, victims continue to seek justice and rehabilitation. The incident remains a critical lesson in industrial safety and environmental responsibility.
iv) Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily due to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels. Effects include rising global temperatures, melting glaciers, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events like droughts and floods. Climate change threatens biodiversity, agriculture, water resources, and human health. International efforts like the Paris Agreement aim to reduce global emissions and promote sustainable development. In India, climate change affects millions, especially in rural and coastal areas. Awareness, adaptation strategies, and green technology are essential to combat this global crisis.