Introduction
Library automation refers to the use of computers and software to perform routine library tasks like cataloging, circulation, acquisitions, and serials control. Its evolution has improved efficiency and service quality in libraries.
Stages in Evolution
1. Manual System
Initially, all library functions were performed manually using card catalogs and record books. This method was slow and error-prone.
2. Mechanized Systems
In the 1960s, typewriters and basic machines were introduced for tasks like catalog card production. However, they lacked intelligence and flexibility.
3. First-Generation Automation
By the 1970s–80s, libraries started using computers for cataloging and circulation using standalone systems. MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging) formats became popular.
4. Integrated Library Systems (ILS)
From the 1990s, ILS with modules for various operations became common. Systems like SOUL and Koha allowed shared databases and better resource management.
5. Web-Based and Cloud-Based Systems
Modern libraries now use cloud-based and open-source systems that support OPAC, mobile access, and digital resource integration.
Conclusion
The evolution of library automation has made libraries faster, more accessible, and user-friendly. It continues to grow with digital technology advancements.