(i) Chipko Movement Introduction The Chipko Movement was a nonviolent environmental movement in India that aimed to protect forests from deforestation and commercial exploitation. It was led primarily by rural villagers, especially women, who used nonviolent resistance (Satyagraha) by hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down. A. Background of the Chipko Movement B. […]
7. a) Chipko Movement b) Narmada Bachao Andolan Read More »
Introduction Dams are constructed for hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, flood control, and water storage. While they provide economic and social benefits, their environmental impact is significant. Large dam projects often alter ecosystems, disrupt natural water flow, impact biodiversity, and displace communities. This essay examines how dam construction disrupts the ecological balance, with global and Indian
(i) National Water Awareness Campaign Introduction The National Water Awareness Campaign is a movement aimed at promoting water conservation, sustainable water management, and public awareness about the importance of water resources. Given the increasing water scarcity, pollution, and mismanagement of water resources in India and globally, such campaigns play a crucial role in ensuring water
6. a) National Water Awareness Campaign b) Origin of Solidarity Movement and Poland Read More »
Introduction Non-violent movements have played a crucial role in shaping political, social, and economic changes throughout history. These movements rely on peaceful resistance, civil disobedience, and non-cooperation to challenge injustice and demand reforms. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence (Ahimsa and Satyagraha), non-violent movements have influenced civil rights struggles, anti-colonial movements, environmental activism, and
Introduction The Prohibition Movement refers to social and political efforts to ban the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol. This movement has been driven by concerns over health, morality, crime, and social welfare. Across the world, prohibition has been implemented in various countries at different times, with varying levels of success and failure. In India,
1. Examine the Prohibition Movement and Its Impact, Especially in the Indian Scenario Read More »
(i) Conflict and Its Resolution Introduction Conflict is a disagreement or clash between individuals, groups, or nations due to differences in ideologies, interests, resources, or values. It can be social, political, economic, religious, or military. While conflicts are natural in human interactions, their resolution is essential for maintaining peace, justice, and progress. A. Types of
10. a) Conflict and its resolution b) State, obligation and civil disobedience Read More »
(i) Social Transformation and Redistribution of Power in Socialism Introduction Socialism is a political and economic ideology that emphasizes collective ownership, equal distribution of wealth, and social justice. It seeks to transform society by redistributing power and resources to reduce inequalities and promote the welfare of all. In socialist thought, social transformation involves restructuring society
(i) Colonialism and Imperialism Introduction Colonialism and Imperialism are two interrelated political and economic systems where powerful nations dominate weaker regions to exploit their resources, economy, and people. While both concepts involve foreign rule and control, they have distinct characteristics. A. Understanding Colonialism Example: B. Understanding Imperialism Example: C. Differences Between Colonialism and Imperialism Aspect
8. a) Colonialism and Imperialism b) Concept of ‘ahimsa’ Read More »
(i) Main Elements of Gandhian Pacifism Introduction Gandhian pacifism is a philosophy of nonviolence, truth, and peaceful resistance. It rejects war and aggression as means of resolving conflicts and instead emphasizes moral strength, self-suffering, and love for humanity. Gandhi’s pacifism was not just about avoiding violence but also about actively promoting peace and justice. He
(i) Gandhi’s Concept of Individual Autonomy Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of individual autonomy is deeply rooted in his ideas of Swaraj (self-rule), self-sufficiency, truth (Satya), and nonviolence (Ahimsa). He believed that true freedom was not just political independence but also personal empowerment, where individuals governed their own lives based on ethical and moral values. Gandhi’s
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