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Border Fencing Dispute Between India and Bangladesh: Rising Tensions in 2025

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Tensions have escalated between India and Bangladesh in January 2025 over security measures along their shared border, particularly regarding border fencing. While India has been steadily working on fencing its borders to curb illegal immigration and smuggling, challenges persist due to geographical and political complexities. India-Bangladesh Border Overview India shares its longest international border with […]

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Gyan Bharatam Mission: Revitalizing India’s Manuscript Heritage (Budget 2025)

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The Union Budget 2025 has introduced the Gyan Bharatam Mission, a major initiative aimed at surveying, documenting, and conserving India’s vast manuscript heritage. This ambitious project aims to cover over one crore manuscripts, ensuring their preservation and accessibility for future generations. Expanding the Scope of Manuscript Conservation The mission seeks to identify and document manuscripts

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India’s Nuclear Energy Mission: A Step Towards a Greener Future (Budget 2025)

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The Indian government has made a significant move in its energy sector with the announcement of a ₹20,000 crore Nuclear Energy Mission in the Union Budget 2025. This initiative aims to develop Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), a new-age nuclear technology that could revolutionize the country’s power generation. Budget Allocations and Financial Concerns The Department of

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China’s DeepSeek AI: A Game-Changer in Artificial Intelligence

Leave a Comment / Current Affairs 2025 /

China has made a significant leap in artificial intelligence with the launch of DeepSeek, a series of Large Language Models (LLMs) developed by High-Flyer, a Chinese hedge fund. The latest version, DeepSeek-v3, introduced in December 2023, has surpassed its predecessors and outperformed other Chinese AI models while being significantly more cost-effective. DeepSeek’s rapid development began

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(a) Direct Violence in Africa (b) NEPAD

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(a) Direct Violence in Africa Direct violence in Africa refers to physical harm, conflicts, and human rights abuses caused by wars, terrorism, ethnic violence, and state repression. The continent has experienced numerous violent conflicts over the decades, leading to loss of lives, displacement, economic destruction, and social instability. Direct violence can take many forms, including

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(a) Human Security in Africa (b) Structural Adjustment Programme in Africa

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(a) Human Security in Africa Introduction Human security in Africa focuses on ensuring freedom from fear, freedom from want, and dignity for all individuals. Unlike traditional security, which emphasizes military defense, human security prioritizes economic stability, food security, healthcare, political rights, and protection from violence. Africa faces several human security challenges, including poverty, armed conflicts,

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Post–Cold War peacekeeping (b) China’s role in Africa

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(a) Post-Cold War Peacekeeping in Africa After the Cold War (1945–1991), Africa faced numerous conflicts, including civil wars, ethnic violence, and political instability. The end of superpower rivalries led to an increase in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions, as well as involvement by the African Union (AU) and regional organizations. These peacekeeping efforts aimed to

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Write a short note on each part of the following questions in about 250 words. [a] Africa’s position in international economy [b] Non Alignment Movement and Africa

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Africa’s Position in International Economy Africa plays a crucial role in the global economy, contributing vast natural resources, agricultural products, and labor. However, despite its wealth in resources, Africa remains economically underdeveloped compared to other continents due to historical exploitation, weak industrialization, trade imbalances, and political instability. The continent continues to be highly dependent on

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Short Notes on India–Africa Relations and Causes of Violent Conflicts in Africa

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(a) India-Africa Relations Introduction India and Africa share a long history of trade, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic relations. The relationship has been shaped by colonial history, economic cooperation, political alliances, and shared development goals. Over the years, India has strengthened its ties with African nations through economic investments, trade agreements, diplomatic partnerships, and capacity-building initiatives.

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Describe the Impact of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Efforts on Regional Organization

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Sub-Saharan Africa has made significant efforts to strengthen regional organizations to promote economic integration, political stability, and conflict resolution. Various regional organizations, such as the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Southern African Development Community (SADC), and East African Community (EAC), have played a crucial role in enhancing trade, security, and

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