MPYE-009 Philosophy of Science and Cosmology – Solved Assignment Note: i) Answer all five questions. ii) All five questions carry equal marks. iii) The answer of questions no. 1 and 2 should be in about 500 words. 1. Write a note on the commonality and difference between scientific and philosophical methods. Or Discuss and evaluate […]
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Dual Nature of a Particle What is the Dual Nature of a Particle? The dual nature of a particle means that tiny particles like electrons and photons behave both like particles and waves. This idea is a key part of quantum physics and shows that matter and energy are not what they seem in everyday
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The Inflationary Theory What is the Inflationary Theory? The Inflationary Theory is a model in cosmology that explains the very early expansion of the universe. According to this theory, the universe expanded extremely rapidly within a tiny fraction of a second after the Big Bang. Key Ideas Inflation happened between 10⁻³⁶ and 10⁻³² seconds after
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Hubble’s Law What is Hubble’s Law? Hubble’s Law is a scientific rule that shows the universe is expanding. It was discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1929. He observed that galaxies are moving away from us, and the farther a galaxy is, the faster it moves away. Formula Hubble’s Law can be written as: v =
False Vacuum What is a False Vacuum? A false vacuum is a concept in theoretical physics related to energy states in the universe. It refers to a vacuum state that appears stable but is not the most stable (lowest energy) state possible. It is like being stuck in a small valley when there is a
Dark Matter What is Dark Matter? Dark Matter is a mysterious form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light. That means we cannot see it directly, but we know it exists because of the gravitational effects it has on visible matter, like galaxies and stars. Evidence for Dark Matter Galaxies rotate faster
Paradigm Shift What is a Paradigm Shift? A paradigm shift refers to a major change in the basic concepts and practices of a scientific discipline. This term was made famous by philosopher Thomas Kuhn in his book “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.” Key Features Normal Science: Scientists work under a set framework or paradigm. Crisis:
Idea of Incommensurability What is Incommensurability? In philosophy of science, incommensurability refers to the idea that some scientific theories cannot be directly compared because they use different concepts, methods, or standards of truth. The term was popularized by Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend. Meaning and Implications When two theories are incommensurable, scientists working within them
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Decoherence What is Decoherence? Decoherence is a concept in quantum mechanics that explains why quantum behavior disappears when we observe a system. In the quantum world, particles can exist in many states at once, a condition called superposition. But in the everyday world, we don’t see this. Decoherence describes how interactions with the environment cause
Compare the Idea of Gravitation Given by Newton and Einstein Introduction Both Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein gave influential theories of gravitation that shaped our understanding of the universe. Newton’s theory explained gravity as a force between two masses, while Einstein introduced a more advanced idea where gravity is not a force but a curve
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