Introduction
A group is defined as a collection of individuals who interact with one another, share common goals, and influence each other. In social work, groups are used as a means of intervention to support personal and collective growth through shared experiences and mutual support.
Definition of Group
According to Toseland and Rivas, “A group is a collection of two or more people who are connected by and within social relationships.”
Characteristics of Groups
1. Common Purpose
All groups are formed with a particular objective—be it social support, learning, therapy, or recreation. A shared purpose brings unity and focus among group members.
2. Interpersonal Interaction
Group members regularly interact, communicate, and engage with one another to work toward the group’s goals.
3. Group Norms
Each group develops its own set of rules or norms that govern members’ behavior. These include how members should communicate, participate, and relate to one another.
4. Group Cohesion
Successful groups have strong bonds among members. Cohesion encourages cooperation, loyalty, and a sense of belonging.
5. Structure and Roles
Every group has some kind of structure—formal or informal. Roles such as leader, facilitator, or coordinator often emerge to guide group activities.
6. Mutual Aid
Group members often help each other by sharing knowledge, experiences, and emotional support. This mutual aid enhances trust and learning.
7. Size and Composition
The size of the group influences its effectiveness. Smaller groups allow for deeper interaction, while larger groups may need more structure to function smoothly.
8. Communication Patterns
Effective communication is essential for group success. Open, honest, and respectful communication enhances participation and collaboration.
Conclusion
Understanding the definition and characteristics of groups is vital for effective social group work. A well-structured and cohesive group can become a powerful medium for personal and social change, especially in the field of social work where group methods play a transformative role.