Introduction
In the aftermath of any disaster, the immediate actions taken in the first few minutes or hours are crucial in saving lives and reducing injuries. This initial action is known as the “First Response.” It includes activities such as search and rescue, first aid, evacuation, and alerting emergency services. Often, before official help arrives, it is the local people—the neighbors, family, or community members—who act first. Therefore, recognizing and empowering citizens as First Responders is essential in effective disaster management.
What is First Response?
First Response refers to the initial emergency activities carried out immediately after a disaster or accident to protect life, property, and the environment. These actions are usually conducted before professional responders such as fire brigades, medical teams, or disaster management authorities arrive at the scene.
Rationale Behind First Response
1. Golden Hour Concept
The first 60 minutes after an injury is called the “Golden Hour.” Quick first aid and rescue can significantly reduce fatalities. Delay can lead to serious complications or death.
2. Immediate Availability
First Responders are usually the people already present at the scene. They can act without delay, making the response faster and more effective.
3. Reduces Pressure on Official Agencies
Early action by community members can stabilize the situation and reduce the burden on formal disaster response systems.
4. Enhances Community Preparedness
Training citizens as First Responders creates a culture of awareness, preparedness, and self-reliance in times of crisis.
Role of People as First Responders
1. Search and Rescue
Local people often help in locating trapped individuals and safely removing them from collapsed buildings or dangerous areas.
2. First Aid
Basic medical assistance like stopping bleeding, treating burns, or performing CPR can save lives before doctors arrive.
3. Evacuation and Guidance
People help guide others to safety, especially children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. They also help set up temporary shelters.
4. Fire Fighting and Hazard Control
In case of fires or gas leaks, trained citizens can manage fire extinguishers or shut off gas supplies to prevent explosions.
5. Communication and Alert
Community members play a key role in alerting authorities, spreading information through word-of-mouth, phones, or social media.
6. Emotional Support
In traumatic situations, neighbors and family members can provide emotional comfort and reduce panic among victims.
Training and Capacity Building
- Training in first aid, fire safety, and rescue operations should be conducted at the community level.
- Schools and colleges must include disaster preparedness in their curriculum.
- Mock drills and simulations should be held regularly to keep people alert.
Examples
- 2001 Bhuj Earthquake: Local residents saved hundreds before official help arrived.
- 2015 Chennai Floods: Community volunteers rescued people using boats and homemade rafts.
- COVID-19 Pandemic: Citizens supported health services by distributing food, medicines, and spreading awareness.
Challenges Faced
- Lack of formal training and preparedness
- Fear or confusion during emergencies
- Limited access to basic rescue tools
- Absence of coordination with formal agencies
Suggestions to Strengthen First Response
- Introduce basic disaster response training at the community level
- Encourage formation of local volunteer groups
- Equip communities with first aid kits and rescue tools
- Promote coordination between citizens and disaster management authorities
Conclusion
The concept of First Response recognizes the critical role that ordinary people play during emergencies. Training and empowering them can greatly enhance the effectiveness of disaster response and reduce casualties. A community that is aware, prepared, and responsive is the foundation of a resilient society. Governments and NGOs must collaborate to institutionalize First Responder systems and ensure that every citizen becomes a potential life-saver in times of crisis.