Introduction
Social Group Work is one of the primary methods of social work that focuses on the development and empowerment of individuals through participation in group activities. It is used to bring positive changes by using group dynamics and collective support. Over time, this method has evolved significantly to meet the changing needs of individuals and societies.
Early Development
The roots of group work can be traced back to the voluntary sector in the 19th century. Religious organizations, charitable groups, and reformist movements laid the foundation for group work. These efforts were mainly directed at helping the poor, the sick, and children in urban areas.
United States and Britain
- In the United States, group work began to emerge as a formal method in the early 20th century.
- The Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), Scouts movement, and settlement houses like Hull House in Chicago played a key role in promoting group activities for social development.
- Mary Richmond and Grace Coyle were pioneers who contributed to developing theories and practices in group work.
Influence of World Wars
World Wars I and II had a significant impact on the evolution of social group work. During these times, the need for psychological rehabilitation and community rebuilding led to the increased use of group activities. Veterans, widows, orphans, and displaced persons were supported through structured group interventions.
Post-Independence Era in India
In India, group work started gaining recognition after independence. Initially, it was influenced by Western ideas, but over time it evolved to suit the Indian socio-cultural context.
- Group work was introduced in institutions like the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS).
- It became part of community development programs, schools, NGOs, and correctional settings.
- Group work methods were adapted to address poverty, illiteracy, health awareness, women empowerment, and child welfare.
Contemporary Development
Today, group work is widely used across multiple fields:
- Healthcare (support groups for HIV/AIDS, cancer, mental health)
- Education (remedial learning groups, personality development groups)
- Correctional settings (reformative group activities in prisons and juvenile homes)
- Community development (self-help groups, micro-finance groups)
Conclusion
Social group work has evolved from informal charitable efforts to a structured, goal-oriented method in professional social work. In India, it continues to play a vital role in promoting collective growth, emotional support, and social change. As societies evolve, so do the methods of group work to ensure they remain relevant, inclusive, and impactful.