Introduction
Observation is a method used in social research to collect information by directly watching people, events, or situations. It helps understand behavior in natural settings.
Key Features of Observation
- Direct Method: Data is collected by watching, not asking.
- Natural Setting: People are observed in their usual environment.
- Real-Time: Events are recorded as they happen.
- Systematic: Observation follows a planned format or checklist.
- Non-intrusive: Observer does not interfere with the situation.
Types of Observation
- Participant Observation: Researcher joins the group and observes.
- Non-Participant Observation: Researcher watches from a distance.
- Structured Observation: Follows a fixed checklist.
- Unstructured Observation: Open and flexible approach.
Uses in Social Research
- Studying social behavior, group interactions, and routines.
- Useful when subjects can’t express themselves well (e.g. children).
- Gives rich, detailed, and real-life data.
- Helps understand body language, emotions, and actions.
Conclusion
Observation is a powerful method in social research that helps researchers understand how people behave in real life. It complements other methods like interviews and surveys.