Introduction
Elaboration Theory, proposed by Charles Reigeluth, focuses on organizing instructional content in a meaningful way. The theory suggests that instruction should begin with simple concepts and gradually expand to more complex ones. Two key methods of sequencing content under this theory are topical sequencing and spiral sequencing.
What is Topical Sequencing?
In topical sequencing, each topic is presented in full before moving to the next one. The instruction is organized by dividing the content into separate topics or themes, and each is taught completely and in depth.
Characteristics of Topical Sequencing
- Each topic is covered fully in one go.
- Topics are arranged from simple to complex.
- Once a topic is completed, it is not revisited in detail.
- Best for subjects where topics are distinct and not heavily interconnected.
Example of Topical Sequencing
In a science course, a teacher might cover the topic of photosynthesis completely before moving on to respiration, even though both are related.
What is Spiral Sequencing?
Spiral sequencing involves revisiting the same topic multiple times, with each revisit offering more depth and complexity. Learners are first introduced to a basic idea and then return to it later with added information.
Characteristics of Spiral Sequencing
- Topics are revisited with increasing complexity.
- Helps reinforce previous learning.
- Useful for building deep understanding over time.
- Good for subjects where concepts are interconnected.
Example of Spiral Sequencing
In mathematics, students may first learn basic addition, then revisit it in the context of decimals, and again in algebra with variables, each time adding more complexity.
Key Differences Between Topical and Spiral Sequencing
| Aspect | Topical Sequencing | Spiral Sequencing |
|---|---|---|
| Approach | Each topic taught once fully | Topic revisited with more detail |
| Depth | Deep coverage at once | Gradual deepening of understanding |
| Suitability | Good for distinct topics | Best for interconnected concepts |
Conclusion
Both topical and spiral sequencing have their own strengths and are used based on the learning goals and subject matter. Topical sequencing provides complete understanding in one go, while spiral sequencing supports long-term learning by revisiting and expanding concepts over time. In instructional design, selecting the right sequencing method can greatly improve the effectiveness of learning materials.