Introduction
Descriptive and action research designs are two important methods in social work research. They help understand and solve real-life problems. Each design has its own purpose, process, and usefulness.
Descriptive Research Design
Descriptive research is used to describe a situation, group, or event. It answers questions like “what”, “when”, “where”, and “how many”.
Key Aspects:
- Objective: To describe characteristics of people, events, or situations.
- Data Collection: Surveys, questionnaires, observation, interviews.
- No Hypothesis Testing: Usually no testing of relationships or causes.
- Use: Helpful in understanding social issues, trends, or problems.
Example:
A study on the literacy rate among rural women in a district.
Action Research Design
Action research focuses on solving problems by taking action and studying its effects. It is commonly used in community development and social work practice.
Key Aspects:
- Objective: To bring improvement through change and learning.
- Participation: Involves people (community members) in the research process.
- Cycle: Involves planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.
- Use: Ideal for field projects, training, or program evaluation.
Example:
Implementing a health awareness program in a slum area and evaluating its results.
Conclusion
Descriptive research helps understand a situation, while action research works to solve a problem. Both are important for social work and development, depending on the research goal.