Introduction Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder characterized by extremely high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), commonly known as “bad cholesterol,” in the blood. It significantly increases the risk of early-onset cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. FH is one of the most common genetic lipid disorders and can be passed […]
Introduction Inherited metabolic disorders are genetic conditions that result from defects in specific enzymes involved in metabolism. Two classic examples are Alkaptonuria and Phenylketonuria (PKU). These disorders are autosomal recessive, meaning a child must inherit defective genes from both parents to be affected. Early diagnosis and management are critical to prevent complications. a) Alkaptonuria Cause:
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the elderly. It leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It is the most common cause of dementia. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it involves complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Two hallmark features of Alzheimer’s disease
Introduction Anxiety is a normal emotional response to stress or danger. It is characterized by feelings of tension, worry, and physical changes like increased heart rate and sweating. While occasional anxiety is a normal part of life, chronic or intense anxiety that interferes with daily functioning may indicate an anxiety disorder. Definition of Anxiety Anxiety
Define anxiety. Write symptoms, category and causes of anxiety. Read More »
Introduction Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations that alter the regulation of cell growth and division. Two major types of genes involved in the development of cancer are proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. When these genes are altered, they disrupt the normal control of cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled cell growth — the
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition characterized by the buildup of plaques (atheromas) within the inner walls of arteries. These plaques are made up of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. This progressive condition restricts blood flow and is the leading cause of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular diseases. Mechanism
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a major global health concern due to its increasing prevalence and serious long-term complications. Types of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body destroys
What is diabetes mellitus? Discuss its laboratory tests used for diagnosis. Read More »
Introduction Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. These disorders often stem from emotional or psychological distress and can have severe health consequences if not treated promptly. They affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. The three most common types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia
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Introduction Nutrition plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health. Deficiencies in specific nutrients often lead to distinct diseases. Understanding which nutrients are involved in particular disorders helps in both diagnosis and prevention. In this post, we explore five well-known deficiency-related diseases and the key nutrients whose lack causes them. 1. Pernicious Anemia Involved Nutrient:
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