IGNOU

Explain various sources of municipal revenue and expenditure.

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Municipalities are local government bodies responsible for providing basic services such as water supply, sanitation, waste management, roads, and street lighting in urban areas. To perform these functions efficiently, they require funds. Understanding the sources of revenue and the areas of expenditure for municipal bodies is essential for effective urban planning and governance. Sources […]

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Explain the rent control reform at various levels.

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Rent control reforms are a significant aspect of urban planning and development. These reforms aim to balance the interests of landlords and tenants by regulating rental prices and tenancy agreements. In India and many other countries, rent control laws were introduced after World War II to protect tenants from eviction and high rents. However,

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Discuss scope and significance of public administration. What are various challenges of public administration in urban development?

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Public administration is a vital function of the government that involves implementing policies, managing public programs, and ensuring that services reach the people. It plays a key role in maintaining order, delivering services, and ensuring development at all levels. In the context of urban development, public administration becomes even more significant as cities grow

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Discus the need for pre test and post test counselling with HIV/AIDS testing patients

Leave a Comment / Fields of Counselling /

Introduction HIV/AIDS is not just a medical condition but also a psychological and social challenge. People undergoing HIV testing often experience anxiety, fear, and confusion. Pre-test and post-test counselling play a crucial role in providing emotional support, accurate information, and guidance to help individuals make informed decisions and cope with their results. Need for Pre-Test

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MSW-016 Assignment Answers – Fields of Counselling

Leave a Comment / Fields of Counselling /

Master List of All Answered Questions – MSW-016 Below is the full list of answers for the IGNOU course MSW-016: Fields of Counselling, including links to each post. These responses are written in simple, easy-to-understand language and follow IGNOU word count guidelines. Section 1 Discuss the assessment and management of suicide behaviour Highlight the salient

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Career Developer

Leave a Comment / Fields of Counselling /

Career Developer A Career Developer is a professional who helps individuals plan and manage their career paths. They assess the client’s interests, strengths, values, and skills to suggest suitable career options. Career developers provide guidance on education, job searching, resume writing, and interview skills. They also help clients adjust to career changes and deal with

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Eclectic counselling

Leave a Comment / Fields of Counselling /

Eclectic Counselling Eclectic counselling is a flexible approach where the counsellor uses techniques from different counselling theories instead of following just one method. For example, a counsellor may combine person-centered techniques with cognitive-behavioral strategies depending on the client’s needs. This approach allows personalization of therapy based on the problem, personality, and goals of the client.

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Grief counselling

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Grief Counselling Grief counselling is a form of therapy that helps individuals cope with loss, especially the death of a loved one. It provides emotional support, helps express feelings, and guides the person through the stages of grief like denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. The goal is to assist the individual in accepting the

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Palliative Care

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Palliative Care Palliative care is specialized medical support given to people suffering from serious or life-threatening illnesses. Its aim is not to cure the illness but to relieve pain, reduce symptoms, and improve the patient’s quality of life. It also offers emotional, psychological, and spiritual support to the patient and their family. Counsellors play a

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Sextuality

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Sextuality Sexuality refers to a person’s feelings, thoughts, attractions, and behaviors related to gender and sexual relationships. It is a broad concept that includes sexual orientation, preferences, roles, identity, and values. It is influenced by culture, upbringing, personal beliefs, and biological factors. Understanding one’s sexuality helps in building healthy relationships and positive self-image. In counselling,

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