IGNOU

Introduction Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) are critical tools for effective CSR programme management. While both are aimed at improving performance and impact, they serve different purposes. Monitoring is a continuous process that tracks the progress of activities, while evaluation is a periodic assessment of outcomes and effectiveness. Together, M&E ensures that CSR initiatives stay on

Introduction A CSR audit is a systematic review of a company’s Corporate Social Responsibility programme to ensure compliance, transparency, and effectiveness. It examines whether CSR initiatives are aligned with policies, legal requirements, and stakeholder expectations. Conducting regular audits helps businesses understand their social impact and make data-driven decisions for future improvements. Explanation: A CSR audit

Introduction Stakeholder participation in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes is a key factor for success. Stakeholders include all individuals, groups, or organizations who are affected by or can influence a CSR initiative. These can include employees, customers, community members, local authorities, NGOs, suppliers, and shareholders. Involving stakeholders ensures that the CSR programme is relevant, inclusive,

Introduction Social Return on Investment (SROI) is a framework for measuring and accounting for the social, environmental, and economic value created by a project or organisation. Unlike traditional financial returns, SROI captures the broader impact of a CSR initiative on stakeholders and communities. It helps in understanding how much social value (or impact) is generated

Introduction Needs assessment is a fundamental process in planning and designing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes. It involves identifying and understanding the problems, challenges, and requirements of the target community or beneficiaries. This process allows CSR planners to allocate resources efficiently, set realistic goals, and create impactful programs that truly address the needs of society.