MESE-061

Introduction Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has undergone significant transformations over the years. These transformations are known as paradigm shifts—changes in the fundamental ways education is designed, delivered, and experienced. These shifts reflect advancements in technology, educational philosophy, and learner needs. They mark the evolution from traditional correspondence-based education to a more interactive, learner-centered, and

Introduction Instructional delivery in open and distance education (ODE) refers to the various ways in which learning materials and educational content are provided to students who are not physically present in a classroom. Since learners are often located in different regions, it is important to use different modes of instructional delivery to ensure effective learning.

Introduction Instructional inputs in open and distance education (ODE) refer to the various elements used to deliver educational content to learners who are not physically present in a traditional classroom. These inputs include all the tools, resources, and strategies used to facilitate learning, such as printed materials, audio-visual aids, online modules, tutor support, and assignments.