Introduction
An instructional system is a structured framework used to design, implement, and evaluate the process of teaching and learning. It ensures that instruction is planned, delivered, and assessed systematically to achieve specific learning outcomes. Instructional systems are particularly useful in higher education, where content is complex and student needs are diverse.
What is an Instructional System?
An instructional system is a coordinated set of procedures and resources designed to facilitate effective learning. It involves identifying learner needs, setting objectives, selecting appropriate instructional strategies, implementing teaching methods, and evaluating learning outcomes. The goal is to create a purposeful and goal-oriented learning environment.
Key Components of an Instructional System:
- Input: Learners, content, resources, and instructional objectives
- Process: Methods, materials, and teaching strategies
- Output: Student learning outcomes and performance
- Feedback: Evaluation and revision for continuous improvement
Steps to Develop an Instructional System (Example: Teaching “Environmental Awareness” to Undergraduate Students)
1. Identify Instructional Needs
The first step is to assess what students need to learn. This could be based on curriculum goals, societal needs, or student performance data.
Example: Many students lack awareness of environmental issues. The need is to increase understanding of climate change, pollution, and sustainable practices.
2. Set Instructional Objectives
Objectives must be clear, measurable, and achievable. They guide the design of content and assessments.
Example Objectives:
- Define key environmental concepts like global warming and pollution
- Identify causes and consequences of climate change
- Suggest personal and community actions to reduce environmental damage
3. Design the Instructional Strategy
Decide on the teaching methods, content structure, and learning activities.
- Use lectures, case studies, and documentaries for concept delivery
- Include group discussions and debates to promote critical thinking
- Incorporate project-based learning such as local waste management analysis
4. Develop Instructional Materials
Create or collect relevant learning materials such as PowerPoint slides, reading materials, videos, worksheets, and infographics.
Example: A video showing the effects of pollution in rivers or a case study on renewable energy use in a city.
5. Implement the Instruction
Deliver the lesson using the chosen methods and materials. Encourage student interaction and feedback during the process.
Example: Deliver a module over 4 weeks with weekly lectures, activities, and discussions.
6. Evaluate Student Learning
Use both formative and summative evaluation tools to measure student progress.
- Quizzes and assignments to check understanding
- Group presentations to assess application of knowledge
- Final test or report to evaluate overall learning
7. Revise and Improve
Analyze the feedback from students and performance data. Make changes in content, teaching methods, or materials for future improvement.
Example: If students found a topic too theoretical, introduce more real-life examples next time.
Conclusion
Developing an instructional system ensures that teaching is not left to chance. It brings structure, clarity, and effectiveness to education. By following a systematic process—from identifying needs to evaluating outcomes—teachers in higher education can ensure their instruction leads to meaningful learning and better student outcomes. This approach is particularly useful in complex subjects and diverse classrooms, where planning and feedback are key to success.