January 2025

Describe the Major Elements of the Neo-Liberal Economic Policy Adopted by Latin American Countries in Recent Years

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Latin American countries have undergone significant economic transformations since the 1980s, largely influenced by the adoption of neo-liberal economic policies. These policies were promoted by international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in response to severe debt crises, hyperinflation, and economic stagnation that […]

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Examine the Features of the Plantation Economies in the Caribbean

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The Caribbean plantation economy played a defining role in the region’s economic, social, and political history. Introduced by European colonial powers in the 16th century, the plantation system was a model of large-scale agriculture, heavily reliant on slave labor, monoculture crops, and export-driven production. This system shaped the economic foundations of Caribbean nations and left

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Contemporary Latin America is in Many Ways a Prisoner of Its Colonial Legacy. Elucidate.

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Latin America’s historical trajectory has been deeply shaped by its colonial past, leaving a legacy that continues to impact its political structures, economic systems, and social hierarchies. Colonization by Spain and Portugal (1492–1820s) led to the exploitation of natural resources, forced labor, and the imposition of European cultural and administrative frameworks, many of which persist

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Write a Short Note on Each Part of the Following Questions (250 Words Each) a) India-Pakistan relations b) India-Nepal Relations

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(a) India-Pakistan Relations India and Pakistan have shared a complex and often tense relationship since their independence in 1947. The relationship is shaped by historical conflicts, border disputes, and diplomatic efforts to improve ties. Key Issues in India-Pakistan Relations 1. Kashmir Dispute: – The primary source of conflict, leading to multiple wars (1947, 1965, 1971,

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Write a Short Note on Each Part of the Following Questions (250 Words Each) a) Nuclear Policy of India b) Arms Race in South Asia

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(a) Nuclear Policy of India India’s Nuclear Policy is shaped by its commitment to national security, strategic autonomy, and responsible nuclear use. The policy is guided by the principles of peaceful use of nuclear energy, deterrence, and non-proliferation while ensuring India’s sovereignty in global nuclear affairs. Key Features of India’s Nuclear Policy 1. No First

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Write a Short Note on Each Part of the Following Questions (250 Words Each) a) Gujral Doctrine b) River-Disputes

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(a) Gujral Doctrine The Gujral Doctrine was a set of foreign policy principles introduced by I.K. Gujral, India’s External Affairs Minister (1996-1997) and later Prime Minister (1997-1998). It aimed to improve relations with India’s neighboring countries through non-reciprocal cooperation and mutual respect. Key Principles of the Gujral Doctrine 1. Non-Reciprocal Cooperation: India, as the largest

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Write a Short Note on Each Part of the Following Questions (250 Words Each) a) SAARC b) BIMSTEC

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(a) SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 with the objective of promoting regional cooperation, economic integration, and cultural exchange among South Asian nations. The eight member states of SAARC are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Afghanistan (joined in

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Write a Short Note on Each Part of the Following Questions (250 Words Each) a) Federal features in foreign policy b) India’s ‘SAGAR’ POLICY

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(a) Federal Features in Foreign Policy India’s foreign policy, although primarily centralized under the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), has elements of federalism due to the growing role of states in international diplomacy. While the Constitution of India vests foreign policy powers with the central government, certain aspects of

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Indian Foreign Policy Has Undergone Many Changes Since Its Beginning; Identify the Major Changes in the Last 10 Years.

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Indian foreign policy has evolved significantly over the last decade, reflecting shifts in global power dynamics, economic priorities, and security concerns. While India’s core principles—non-alignment, strategic autonomy, and peaceful coexistence—remain intact, its diplomatic engagements have become more pragmatic, assertive, and globalized. The period from 2014 to 2024 has witnessed several key transformations in India’s approach

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What is the Neighborhood First Policy of India? Explain its Success and Failures.

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The Neighborhood First Policy is a diplomatic initiative adopted by India to strengthen ties with its immediate neighbors in South Asia. The policy aims to enhance regional cooperation, economic integration, and strategic partnerships with countries in the Indian subcontinent. By prioritizing relations with its neighbors, India seeks to promote peace, stability, and prosperity in the

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