February 2025

Introduction The state plays a central role in management of conflicts within its borders by ensuring peace, stability, and security. Conflicts can arise from ethnic, religious, political, economic, or territorial disputes, and the state has the responsibility to prevent, control, and resolve these conflicts through governance, law enforcement, and diplomacy. However, the effectiveness of a […]

Write Short Notes on the Following in About 600 Words Each (a) Direct and Structural Violence Introduction Violence is often thought of as physical harm caused by war or crime. However, peace and conflict studies differentiate between direct violence and structural violence. Johan Galtung, a Norwegian peace scholar, introduced the concept of structural violence, highlighting

Introduction The feminist approach to peace challenges traditional ideas of conflict resolution by emphasizing gender perspectives, social justice, and inclusivity. Feminists argue that traditional male-dominated peace efforts often ignore the unique experiences of women and marginalized groups in conflict situations. Instead of focusing solely on military strategies, the feminist approach prioritizes human security, equality, and