September 2025

Explain the impact of population on Environment? Discuss Population Control Measures?

Leave a Comment / Ecology, Environment and Urban Development /

Population growth has a significant impact on the environment, especially in urban areas where the pressure on natural resources is already high. As the number of people increases, so does the demand for food, water, housing, transportation, and energy. This leads to overuse and depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution, and degradation of ecosystems. Uncontrolled […]

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What is the need and importance of Sanitation? Explain the measures to improve Sanitation?

Leave a Comment / Ecology, Environment and Urban Development /

Sanitation refers to the provision of services and facilities for the safe disposal of human waste, proper management of garbage, and maintaining hygienic conditions to prevent the spread of diseases. It includes toilets, drainage systems, solid waste disposal, clean water access, and general cleanliness in living environments. Sanitation is essential for public health, environmental protection,

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What is Climate Change? Explain how Climate Change affects Human Life.

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Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. While these changes can be natural, since the 19th century, human activities have been the main driver—primarily due to burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. These activities increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane

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What are the types of Urban Forestry? Explain the contributions of Urban Forestry.

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Urban forestry refers to the care and management of tree populations in urban settings, such as cities, towns, and suburbs. It includes planting, maintaining, and protecting trees in streets, parks, gardens, along roads, near buildings, and in residential or commercial areas. Urban forests are essential in modern cities because they improve air quality, provide shade,

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What do you understand by Ecosystem? Discuss the components of Ecosystem.

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An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and with their physical environment. It includes everything that exists in a particular area—plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, water, air, and sunlight. These elements work together as a system, forming a balance that supports life. The word “eco” comes from the Greek word for

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Monitoring and Evaluation of Projects and Programmes – MEDS-044 – Answer Index

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Assignment Answer Index – MEDS-044 This post provides direct access to all answers for the IGNOU course Monitoring and Evaluation of Projects and Programmes (MEDS-044). Each response is written in easy-to-understand language and follows IGNOU’s 600+ word requirement per answer. Distinguish between project and programme. Explain different project appraisal techniques? Explain need, objectives and significance

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Explain different types of statistical test for the interpretation of data.

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Introduction Statistical tests are essential tools used in research and evaluation to interpret data and draw meaningful conclusions. They help in determining whether observed patterns are due to chance or represent actual relationships and differences. Based on the type of data and research questions, different statistical tests can be applied. In this post, we’ll explain

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Describe postulates of measurement. Discuss various levels of measurement.

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Introduction Measurement is a fundamental concept in research and evaluation. It refers to the process of assigning numbers or labels to variables or events according to certain rules. Measurement helps in understanding, comparing, and analyzing various attributes such as knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and performance. For measurement to be valid and reliable, certain basic principles or

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What are different types of rating scale? Explain guidelines for construction of rating scale.

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Introduction Rating scales are important tools used in research, evaluation, surveys, and assessments to measure opinions, attitudes, behaviors, or perceptions. They provide a systematic way to collect data by assigning a value or score to a specific attribute. This helps in interpreting responses quantitatively. Understanding the types of rating scales and how to construct them

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Explain need, objectives and significance of project planning.

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Introduction Project planning is one of the most critical steps in the life cycle of a project. It involves defining project goals, identifying resources, preparing schedules, assigning responsibilities, and planning for risks and contingencies. Good planning ensures that a project is completed on time, within budget, and achieves its intended outcomes. In this post, we

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