Narrative therapy is a form of counseling that focuses on the stories people tell about their lives. It helps clients reframe negative stories into empowering ones. Key fundamentals include viewing the person as separate from the problem, exploring alternative stories, and using language to create positive identity and meaning.
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Positive regard is an important concept in counseling, especially in person-centered therapy. It refers to showing warmth, acceptance, and respect toward the client. When unconditional, it means accepting the client without judgment, regardless of their behavior. It helps build trust and encourages clients to open up and grow.
Dichotomous thinking is a cognitive distortion where a person sees situations in black-and-white terms, with no middle ground. Examples include thinking “I’m a complete failure” or “Everything must be perfect.” It can lead to unrealistic expectations, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Therapy often helps individuals develop balanced thinking.
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Reliability means the consistency of an assessment tool—if repeated, it gives similar results. Validity means the tool measures what it is supposed to measure. A test must be reliable to be valid, but a reliable test is not always valid. Both are essential for effective psychological testing.
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The components of assessment include: Purpose: Why the assessment is being done Tools: Tests, interviews, and observations Process: Administration and scoring Interpretation: Understanding the results Feedback: Sharing findings with the client These components ensure a complete and meaningful evaluation.
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Active listening is a key skill in counseling. It involves giving full attention to the speaker, understanding their message, and responding appropriately. It includes eye contact, nodding, paraphrasing, and asking clarifying questions. Active listening helps build trust, shows empathy, and encourages clients to open up and share.
Technology in assessment improves accuracy, speed, and accessibility. Online tools, digital questionnaires, AI-based scoring, and remote testing allow counselors to assess clients effectively. Technology helps store and analyze data securely and is useful for large-scale or distance-based assessments, while saving time and reducing manual errors.
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The process of assessment in counseling involves several steps: identifying the purpose, gathering client background information, selecting appropriate tools (e.g., tests, interviews), administering the tools, interpreting results, and sharing feedback. This helps understand the client’s needs, strengths, and problems, and guides effective intervention planning.
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Introduction Adlerian counseling is based on the theory developed by Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychologist. He believed that people are social beings who are motivated by goals and a desire for belonging. His counseling approach focuses on helping individuals develop a sense of purpose and improve their social connections. The Adlerian counseling process is positive,
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Introduction Case history taking is an essential step in the counseling and assessment process. It involves gathering detailed background information about the client to understand their life experiences, behavior patterns, and possible root causes of current problems. This information helps in planning suitable interventions and building a comprehensive view of the client’s situation. Case History
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