September 2025

Discuss the biochemical functions and deficiency disease associated with following vitamins: (i) Vitamin B1 (ii) Niacin (iii) Vitamin D (iv) Vitamin K (v) Vitamin A

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Introduction Vitamins are essential organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts for proper functioning. Each vitamin plays specific roles in metabolism, growth, and overall health. A deficiency in any of these can lead to various health issues. In this answer, we will discuss the biochemical functions and deficiency diseases associated with five important […]

Discuss the biochemical functions and deficiency disease associated with following vitamins: (i) Vitamin B1 (ii) Niacin (iii) Vitamin D (iv) Vitamin K (v) Vitamin A Read More »

How does measuring nitrogen content gives estimate of protein content of our food? Explain nitrogen balance and its significance.

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Introduction Proteins are made up of amino acids, which contain nitrogen as a key component. Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins are the only macronutrients that contain nitrogen. Therefore, by measuring the nitrogen content in food or the body, we can estimate the amount of protein. In this answer, we’ll explore how nitrogen is used to

How does measuring nitrogen content gives estimate of protein content of our food? Explain nitrogen balance and its significance. Read More »

Explain the process of digestion and absorption of dietary proteins.

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Introduction Proteins are essential nutrients that perform a wide range of functions in the body, including building tissues, supporting immune responses, and acting as enzymes and hormones. However, dietary proteins cannot be used directly by the body; they must first be broken down into their building blocks, called amino acids. This answer explains the step-by-step

Explain the process of digestion and absorption of dietary proteins. Read More »

What are lipotropic factors and their clinical significance?

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Introduction Lipotropic factors are nutrients or compounds that help the body break down and remove fats from the liver. These substances play an important role in fat metabolism and liver health. Without lipotropic factors, fat can accumulate in the liver, potentially leading to liver disorders. In this post, we’ll explore what lipotropic factors are and

What are lipotropic factors and their clinical significance? Read More »

Discuss the role of lipids as chemical messengers, citing suitable examples.

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Introduction Lipids are well known for their role as energy storage molecules and components of cell membranes. However, a lesser-known but equally important function of lipids is their role as chemical messengers. Lipid-based signaling molecules regulate a wide range of physiological processes including inflammation, immune response, metabolism, and hormonal balance. In this answer, we’ll explore

Discuss the role of lipids as chemical messengers, citing suitable examples. Read More »

Illustrate the role of carbohydrates as structural or functional part of other biomolecules.

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Introduction Carbohydrates are one of the most important biomolecules in living organisms. While they are widely known as a source of energy, carbohydrates also serve as structural components and play important functional roles in the formation and activity of other biomolecules. In this answer, we will explore how carbohydrates act as building blocks and functional

Illustrate the role of carbohydrates as structural or functional part of other biomolecules. Read More »

Discuss the clinical significance of iodine deficiency?

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Introduction Iodine is a trace mineral essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency is a major public health issue in many parts of the world, especially in regions where iodine-rich foods are not commonly

Discuss the clinical significance of iodine deficiency? Read More »

Explain the terms body mass index and Z-score. What type of information these provide in terms of the nutritional status of an individual?

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Introduction Assessing the nutritional status of an individual is essential to determine whether someone is undernourished, healthy, overweight, or obese. Two important tools used for this purpose are the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Z-score. These tools provide valuable insights into a person’s health and are widely used in public health, clinical settings, and

Explain the terms body mass index and Z-score. What type of information these provide in terms of the nutritional status of an individual? Read More »

Explain the difference between the combustible energy and metabolizable energy of the food components. Illustrate with a suitable example.

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Introduction Energy is a key factor in nutrition as it powers all the activities of the human body, from breathing to walking to thinking. Food provides energy, but not all of it is usable by the body. Terms like combustible energy and metabolizable energy help us understand how much energy is available from food and

Explain the difference between the combustible energy and metabolizable energy of the food components. Illustrate with a suitable example. Read More »

What are dietary guidelines and their five dietary goals.

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Introduction Dietary guidelines are essential tools that help individuals make informed food choices to promote overall health and prevent diseases. These guidelines are developed by national and international health authorities and are based on scientific evidence. They aim to provide practical advice on eating a balanced and nutritious diet. What are Dietary Guidelines? Dietary guidelines

What are dietary guidelines and their five dietary goals. Read More »

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