Introduction Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism. These changes can happen naturally or due to external factors. Mutations are important in evolution, genetic diversity, and can also cause diseases. Understanding different types of mutations helps us learn how genes work and how errors in DNA affect health. What is a Mutation? […]
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Introduction RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that alters the nucleotide sequence of RNA after it has been transcribed from DNA but before it is translated into protein. This means that the final RNA sequence may differ from the original DNA template. RNA editing helps cells create protein diversity and regulate gene expression. Definition of
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Introduction Transposons and retrotransposons are types of genetic elements often called “jumping genes.” These DNA sequences can move from one location to another within the genome. They play a role in genome evolution, mutation, and gene regulation. Though both are mobile, they differ in their structure and mechanism of movement. Definition Transposons (also called DNA
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Introduction Genetic recombination is a natural process by which DNA sequences are rearranged to produce new combinations of genes. This process increases genetic diversity and plays an important role in evolution, DNA repair, and cellular processes like meiosis. There are several types of recombination, each with its own mechanisms and importance. Main Types of Recombination
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Introduction DNA replication is a fundamental process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. Although the overall goal is the same in all organisms, there are several differences in how replication occurs in prokaryotes (like bacteria) and eukaryotes (like plants, animals, and fungi). Understanding these differences is important for studying molecular
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Introduction Topoisomerases are special enzymes that help manage the shape and structure of DNA. DNA is a long, twisted molecule, and during processes like replication and transcription, it can get supercoiled or tangled. Topoisomerases solve these problems by cutting, twisting, and rejoining DNA strands. These enzymes are vital for keeping the DNA in good condition
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Introduction DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA before cell division. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of DNA. There are different proposed modes of DNA replication, but only one is biologically accurate. Let’s explore the various modes of replication and understand which one actually occurs
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Introduction Chromosome mapping and banding patterns are important tools in genetics that help scientists identify specific genes, detect abnormalities, and understand the organization of chromosomes. These techniques are especially useful in the study of human genetics and diseases caused by chromosomal changes. Chromosome Mapping Chromosome mapping is the process of determining the location of genes
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Introduction DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long molecule that carries the genetic instructions of an organism. In every human cell, there are nearly 2 meters of DNA tightly packed into a microscopic nucleus. This compact organization of DNA is achieved through a process called DNA packaging into higher-order structures. This ensures that the DNA
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Introduction Genes are the basic units of heredity and play a crucial role in storing and transmitting genetic information. While all living organisms possess genes, there are significant differences in gene structure and organization between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Understanding these differences is vital for appreciating how genetic information is regulated and expressed in various organisms.
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