September 2025

Critically discuss the role of ICTs in development with examples from rural and urban development.

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Introduction Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) include tools like computers, the internet, mobile phones, radio, and television. These technologies help in collecting, storing, processing, and sharing information. In both rural and urban areas, ICTs play a vital role in social and economic development. They help people get information, learn new skills, connect with markets, access […]

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What are different attributes of innovation? Discuss the relationship between attributes and rate of adoption with examples.

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Introduction Innovation refers to the introduction of new ideas, products, methods, or services that bring improvement or change. In the development context, innovation can transform agriculture, education, health, and business sectors. But not all innovations are adopted at the same speed. The rate at which an innovation is accepted by people depends on certain attributes.

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MDV-105 Assignment 7 Questions and Answers – Master Index

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MDV-105 Assignment 7 – Master Index Page This master index contains all the questions from MDV-105 Assignment 7 along with direct links to their full, easy-to-understand answers. These responses are written in simple English to help IGNOU students learn and score better in their assignments. What do you understand micro-finance based development by self help

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Classify the PRA methods with examples under each category. Discuss importance of stakeholders’ participation in participatory development.

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Introduction PRA stands for Participatory Rural Appraisal. It is a method used to understand the needs, problems, and resources of rural communities with the help of local people. In PRA, local people are not just data providers—they are active participants in identifying and solving their problems. This makes development more effective and sustainable. PRA uses

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Differentiate between project and programme with examples. Discuss the major aspects to be considered in preparation of a development or corporate social responsibility project.

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Introduction In development and corporate social responsibility (CSR), the terms “project” and “programme” are often used. While both aim to bring positive change, they are different in scope, duration, and objectives. Understanding the difference between a project and a programme helps in planning and implementing better development interventions. This article also explains the major aspects

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What are the basic rules to prepare a network? Write the steps in preparation of network with an example.

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Introduction In development project management, a network is a visual representation of activities and events arranged in a logical order. It helps in planning, organizing, and monitoring project activities effectively. Networks are useful tools for determining the sequence of activities, the time required, and identifying critical paths. Preparing a network requires some basic rules and

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How management and development are related? Discuss the application of any three management functions in development.

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Introduction Management and development are deeply connected. Development involves planning and implementing projects to improve the quality of life, especially for the poor and marginalized. To ensure that development projects are successful, effective management is essential. Management helps organize resources, people, and processes to achieve desired goals. In this answer, we will explore how management

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What do you understand micro-finance based development by self help groups? Discuss different development models of self help groups.

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Introduction Micro-finance based development is a method of helping poor and low-income people improve their standard of living by giving them access to small loans and other financial services. One of the most successful models in this field is the Self Help Group (SHG). In India, SHGs have empowered rural women and communities by offering

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MDV-004 Assignment 6 Questions and Answers – Master Index

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MDV-004 Assignment 6 – Master Index Page This page provides a complete list of all questions from MDV-004 Assignment 6 along with direct links to their detailed answers. Each answer has been written in simple and easy-to-understand language, ideal for IGNOU students. Explain Social Construction and Gender and Cultural Construction and Gender? What is Liberal

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What is the relation between Gender and Health? What are the determinants of physical health and well-being?

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Introduction Gender and health are closely linked. The way society treats men and women affects their access to health care, the quality of services they receive, and their overall well-being. Gender is not just about biological differences but also about the roles, expectations, and behaviors that society assigns to men and women. These gender-based roles

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