Introduction MARC stands for Machine-Readable Cataloging. It is a standard format developed to allow bibliographic information to be read and interpreted by computers. MARC records are used globally by libraries to share, store, and manage cataloging data electronically. The current and most widely used version is MARC 21. What is a MARC Record? A MARC […]
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Introduction In library classification, a clear and logical structure is essential for organizing knowledge. Canons for arrays are guiding principles that ensure subjects at the same level in a classification schedule are arranged meaningfully. These canons are particularly emphasized in faceted classification systems like Colon Classification, developed by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, where precision and
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Introduction The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system is one of the most widely used methods for classifying library materials. Traditionally available in print, it is now also available in a digital format known as the electronic version of DDC or WebDewey. The electronic version enhances access, usability, and efficiency in library cataloguing and classification tasks.
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Introduction The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, Revised (AACR-2R) is a widely used set of cataloguing rules for library materials. While it is commonly associated with cataloguing books, AACR-2R also provides detailed guidelines for cataloguing non-book materials such as maps, audiovisual resources, electronic resources, and microforms. These rules help maintain uniformity and consistency in the
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Introduction This post includes all the answers for the IGNOU assignment BLI-222: Information Sources and Services for the July 2025 and January 2026 sessions. Each answer is written in simple and easy-to-understand language, suitable for students of all backgrounds. The answers follow IGNOU’s assignment guidelines and cover key topics from Units 1 to 14. Assignment
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Introduction Mass media refers to the communication platforms used to reach a large audience. These include television, radio, newspapers, the internet, and social media. While mass media has many positive effects—such as spreading information and raising awareness—it also has some negative influences that affect individuals and society in various ways. Negative Influences of Mass Media
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Introduction A user study is a method used by libraries and information centers to understand the needs, behavior, and satisfaction level of their users. By planning and conducting user studies, libraries can improve their services and collections. A well-planned user study helps in identifying what users want, how they use resources, and what problems they
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Introduction Extension workers are professionals who act as a bridge between knowledge sources and the community, especially in rural areas. They are mainly involved in fields like agriculture, health, education, and social development. Extension workers are considered peripheral information professionals because they gather, translate, and spread useful information to people who may not have easy
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Introduction Information Literacy is a key skill in today’s digital and information-rich world. It refers to the ability to identify when information is needed, locate it efficiently, evaluate its reliability, and use it effectively. It is not just about finding information, but also about thinking critically and using information ethically. Definition of Information Literacy The
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Introduction Standards are important documents that provide agreed-upon rules, guidelines, or definitions to ensure quality, safety, and consistency in products, services, and processes. In the context of library and information science, standards are considered valuable sources of technical and authoritative information. What Are Standards? Standards are formal documents developed by recognized bodies such as national
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