Introduction Global warming is one of the most critical issues facing humanity today. It refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Over the past few decades, the topic of global warming has sparked […]
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MGPE-013 Solved Assignment 2024-25 Below are the links to the individual answers for all questions from the IGNOU course MGPE-013: Civil Society, Political Regimes and Conflict. Each answer has been written in over 600 words, well-formatted, and based on IGNOU guidelines for the 2024-25 session. Describe the classical notion of civil society and its limitations
Introduction A political regime refers to the set of rules, institutions, and norms that determine how political power is acquired, exercised, and transferred within a state. It reflects the structure of governance and the relationship between the state and its citizens. Different political regimes have distinct characteristics and implications for democracy, development, and human rights.
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Introduction The relationship between the state and civil society is a key theme in political science, governance, and development studies. Civil society refers to the realm of organized social life that exists independently of the state and the market, including NGOs, community groups, trade unions, media, and religious institutions. The state, on the other hand,
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Introduction Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are the cornerstone of rural self-governance in India. Rooted in the vision of Mahatma Gandhi, PRIs aim to decentralize power and promote participatory democracy at the grassroots level. They form a three-tier system of local governance comprising village, block, and district levels, enabling people to have a direct say in
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Introduction The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a foundational document in the history of international human rights. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948, it was drafted in the aftermath of World War II to ensure that atrocities like those committed during the war would never be repeated. The
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Introduction Antonio Gramsci, the Italian Marxist philosopher and political theorist, made significant contributions to the understanding of civil society. Unlike classical liberal thinkers who viewed civil society as a sphere of freedom distinct from the state, Gramsci redefined it within a Marxist framework as a site of ideological struggle. His insights are crucial for understanding
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Introduction Peace movements have existed throughout human history as organized efforts to resist war, promote non-violence, and foster social justice. While their forms and causes have evolved over time—from religious pacifism to anti-nuclear activism—they continue to play a vital role in advocating for a world free of violence and oppression. This essay traces the origin
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Introduction Gandhian civil society represents a model rooted in non-violence, self-governance, and moral responsibility. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy, this framework emphasizes grassroots participation, social justice, and the empowerment of the marginalized. In a world marked by conflict, inequality, and ecological crises, Gandhian civil society offers a powerful and ethical alternative for achieving global peace.
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Introduction The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, founded by Nobel laureate Dr. Muhammad Yunus in 1983, represents a pioneering model in microfinance and poverty alleviation. With its unique approach of providing small, collateral-free loans to poor individuals—especially women—the Grameen Bank has transformed the lives of millions and become a global symbol of financial inclusion and grassroots
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