2025

Justify the statement that gluconeogenesis from pyruvate is not the simple reversal of glycolysis

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Why Gluconeogenesis is Not a Simple Reversal of Glycolysis Introduction Gluconeogenesis is the biosynthetic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids. Although it shares several enzymes with glycolysis, gluconeogenesis is not merely a reversed version of glycolysis. This distinction is crucial for metabolic control […]

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Explain regulation of TCA cycle

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Regulation of the TCA Cycle Introduction The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or Citric Acid Cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that generates ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Its regulation is crucial for maintaining cellular energy balance and metabolic integration. Key Regulatory Points

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Why is ATP known as the biological energy currency? Does ATP have any other role than energy currency?

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ATP – The Biological Energy Currency and Its Multiple Roles Introduction ATP, or Adenosine Triphosphate, is a universal energy carrier in all living cells. It plays a crucial role in storing and transferring energy needed for various biochemical processes. The term “biological energy currency” is often used to describe ATP due to its ability to

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Explain different phases of glycolysis. Write the final equation indicating the net production of ATP.

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Phases of Glycolysis and Net ATP Production Introduction Glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway where one glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and functions in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The pathway consists of ten enzymatic reactions that can be divided into two distinct phases: the

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Explain the terms in 2–3 sentences: (a) Substrate level phosphorylation (b) Glycolysis (c) Anaplerotic reactions (d) Chemotrophs (e) Catabolism

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Key Metabolic Terms Explained (a) Substrate Level Phosphorylation This is a metabolic process where a phosphate group is directly transferred from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP, forming ATP. It occurs in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, independent of the electron transport chain. (b) Glycolysis Glycolysis is the ten-step pathway by which glucose is broken down

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BBCCT-107 – Enzymes Assignment Answers Master Post

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BBCCT-107 – Enzymes Assignment Answers Master Post This post contains direct links to all the answers for the BBCCT-107 Core Course in Biochemistry assignment on Enzymes. Click on each question to view the detailed, student-friendly answer. Write short note on the following terms: a) Characteristics of Enzymes b) Apoenzyme c) Coenzyme d) Turnover number Give

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Explain the following methods of enzyme immobilization: i) Cross Linking ii) Gel Entrapment

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Enzyme Immobilization Techniques: Cross-Linking and Gel Entrapment Introduction Enzyme immobilization refers to the confinement of enzymes to a solid support or within a matrix in a way that maintains their catalytic activity. This technique offers benefits such as enzyme reusability, stability, and easier product separation. Two popular methods of immobilization include cross-linking and gel entrapment.

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Discuss application of enzymes in the following: i) Wine industry ii) Baking industry

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Applications of Enzymes in Wine and Baking Industries Introduction Enzymes are biological catalysts widely used in various industrial processes due to their specificity and efficiency. In the food industry, particularly in wine and baking production, enzymes improve quality, speed up production, and enhance product stability. Their natural origin also aligns with the growing demand for

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What are multienzyme complexes? Give examples and describe their properties.

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Multienzyme Complexes: Definition, Examples, and Properties Introduction Multienzyme complexes are assemblies of multiple enzymes that work together to catalyze a series of reactions in a metabolic pathway. These enzymes are physically associated into a single structure, allowing substrate channeling and efficient transfer of intermediates from one enzyme to the next. These complexes are essential for

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Write short notes on the following: i) PLP coenzymes ii) TPP

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Short Notes on PLP Coenzymes and TPP i) PLP Coenzymes (Pyridoxal Phosphate) Introduction Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active coenzyme form of vitamin B6. It is essential for the metabolism of amino acids and is involved in various biochemical reactions as a coenzyme. Structure and Source PLP is derived from vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). It contains

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