Introduction to Anekantavada Anekantavada is one of the most important philosophical concepts in Jainism. The term is made up of three words: “an” meaning “not,” “eka” meaning “one,” and “anta” meaning “side or end.” So, Anekantavada literally means “not one-sided” or “non-absolutism.” It teaches that reality is complex and cannot be understood from just one […]
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Introduction to Pratityasamutpada The term Pratityasamutpada is a fundamental concept in Buddhism. It means Dependent Origination or Dependent Arising. In simple words, it explains that all things arise because of certain causes and conditions. Nothing exists on its own or independently. Everything is interrelated and dependent on something else for its existence. According to Buddhist
Introduction to Abhava in Vaishesika Philosophy In Indian philosophy, particularly in the Vaishesika school, the concept of Abhava refers to negation or absence. Vaishesika is one of the six orthodox (Astika) schools of Indian philosophy, founded by the sage Kanada. The system mainly deals with metaphysics and ontology, and it classifies all knowable objects into
MHI-10: Urbanisation in India – IGNOU Assignment Answers (2024-25) Below are the detailed answers to all five questions (including both short and long-form) for the IGNOU MHI-10 Assignment for the academic session 2024–25. Each answer is written in easy-to-understand language and exceeds the minimum word requirement. What are the markers of urban centres? Examine with
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Short Notes for MHI-10 – Question 10 i) Gardens in Mughal Cities Mughal gardens, known as charbaghs, were an integral part of urban planning in Mughal India. More than mere green spaces, these gardens were symbolic of imperial authority, Persian aesthetic ideals, and Islamic cosmology. The Mughals, especially emperors like Babur, Humayun, and Shah Jahan,
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How did the Concept of Urban Planning Change During the Colonial Period? Introduction Urban planning in India underwent significant transformation during the colonial period (18th to 20th century). British colonial rule introduced Western models of town planning, engineering, and governance, which altered the physical, social, and economic fabric of Indian cities. Unlike the organic development
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Discuss the Rise and Decline of Surat Introduction Surat, located on the western coast of India in present-day Gujarat, emerged as a major port city during the Mughal period. Often referred to as the “Gateway to Mecca,” Surat reached the height of its prosperity in the 16th and 17th centuries, serving as a critical node
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How did the city layout and courtly culture of Vijayanagara reflect the dominance of Imperial control? Introduction The city of Vijayanagara, capital of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1565 CE), is one of the most significant examples of imperial urbanism in pre-modern South India. Located in present-day Hampi (Karnataka), the city served as a political, economic, religious,
Cities of Delhi Sultanate were primarily garrison towns. Critically examine. Introduction The Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE) marked a transformative period in Indian urban history. The emergence and growth of cities during this era were heavily influenced by military, administrative, and economic imperatives. A prevailing view among historians is that many cities of the Delhi Sultanate
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Short Notes for MHI-10 – Question 5 i) City States City-states are independent, self-governing urban centres that function both as cities and sovereign political entities. In early Indian history, city-states are believed to have existed especially during the later Vedic period and in the early historic era. They were often characterized by a compact urban
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