IgnouCorner

(a) Human Development Index (HDI) Introduction The Human Development Index (HDI) is a global measure used to assess a country’s overall development by evaluating three key dimensions: health, education, and standard of living. It was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990 as part of the Human Development Report (HDR) to shift […]

(a) Bodos of Assam and Their Struggle for Autonomy Introduction The Bodos, one of the largest indigenous tribes in Assam, have long fought for autonomy and self-governance. Their movement is rooted in ethnic identity, political representation, and economic marginalization. The struggle has taken different forms, from peaceful protests to armed insurgency, resulting in the creation

(a) All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)(b) Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) Introduction The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) is one of India’s oldest and most influential trade union federations. It was established in 1920 with the aim of protecting the rights of workers and advocating for better working conditions, wages, and labor rights. 1.

Introduction The reservation in India is one of the most debated and impactful policies aimed at providing social justice and equal opportunities to historically disadvantaged communities. Introduced as an affirmative action measure, reservation provides scheduled castes (SCs), scheduled tribes (STs), and other backward classes (OBCs) with quotas in education, government jobs, and political representation. However,

Introduction Ethnic movements in India have been an important aspect of the country’s social and political landscape. These movements emerge when ethnic, linguistic, or tribal groups feel marginalized and demand greater political rights, autonomy, or even independence. Ethnic movements often arise due to historical grievances, economic disparities, cultural identity struggles, and political exclusion. India, being

Introduction Social movements in India have played a significant role in shaping the country’s political, economic, and social landscape. From anti-colonial struggles to modern rights-based movements, these collective efforts have influenced policies, governance, and social justice. Scholars have developed various approaches to studying social movements, each offering a different perspective on their causes, strategies, and

Introduction Social movements emerge due to grievances, collective action, and the availability of resources. Two of the most influential theories explaining the rise of social movements are: Both theories provide different perspectives on how and why social movements develop. While RMT highlights the role of leadership, organization, and funding, RDT emphasizes perceived inequalities and frustrations

Introduction The political mobilization of Dalits in India has been a crucial part of the country’s democratic evolution, as Dalits have historically faced social exclusion, economic deprivation, and political marginalization. Over the years, various social and political movements have emerged to empower Dalits and challenge the caste hierarchy. One of the most significant political movements

(a) The International Criminal Court (ICC) Introduction The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a permanent, independent judicial institution that prosecutes individuals for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression. Established by the Rome Statute in 1998, the ICC plays a crucial role in ensuring that those responsible for serious crimes do not

Introduction Regional organizations play a crucial role in preventing conflicts and resolving disputes through diplomacy, peacekeeping missions, and economic cooperation. These organizations focus on maintaining regional stability, fostering economic partnerships, and ensuring peaceful coexistence among member states. Some of the most prominent regional organizations involved in conflict prevention and resolution include: While these organizations have