Fatty Acid Oxidation Using Palmitic Acid as an Example Introduction Fatty acid oxidation, also known as β-oxidation, is the primary process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce energy. This process takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Palmitic acid (C16:0), a saturated long-chain fatty acid, is a common substrate used to […]
Partitioning of Fixed Carbon to Sucrose and Starch in Leaf Cells Introduction Photosynthesis in leaf cells results in the fixation of atmospheric CO₂ into carbohydrates. The two primary end-products of photosynthetic carbon assimilation are sucrose and starch. Sucrose serves as the major transport form of carbohydrates, while starch is a temporary storage form in chloroplasts.
Explain the partitioning of fixed carbon to sucrose and starch synthesis in leaf cells Read More »
CO₂ Concentration Mechanisms in C4 Plants and Their Significance Introduction C4 photosynthesis is a specialized adaptation in certain plants that enhances the efficiency of carbon fixation under high temperature, intense sunlight, and low CO₂ conditions. This mechanism involves the spatial separation of initial CO₂ fixation and the Calvin cycle to minimize photorespiration and improve productivity.
Glycogenesis and Its Regulation Introduction Glycogenesis is the metabolic process that converts glucose into glycogen for storage. This process is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels and storing energy, primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle. It occurs when the body has an excess of glucose, such as after meals. Steps in Glycogenesis 1. Glucose
Describe the process of glycogenesis and its regulation Read More »
Why Gluconeogenesis is Not a Simple Reversal of Glycolysis Introduction Gluconeogenesis is the biosynthetic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids. Although it shares several enzymes with glycolysis, gluconeogenesis is not merely a reversed version of glycolysis. This distinction is crucial for metabolic control
Regulation of the TCA Cycle Introduction The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or Citric Acid Cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that generates ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Its regulation is crucial for maintaining cellular energy balance and metabolic integration. Key Regulatory Points
Explain regulation of TCA cycle Read More »
ATP – The Biological Energy Currency and Its Multiple Roles Introduction ATP, or Adenosine Triphosphate, is a universal energy carrier in all living cells. It plays a crucial role in storing and transferring energy needed for various biochemical processes. The term “biological energy currency” is often used to describe ATP due to its ability to
Phases of Glycolysis and Net ATP Production Introduction Glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway where one glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and functions in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The pathway consists of ten enzymatic reactions that can be divided into two distinct phases: the
Key Metabolic Terms Explained (a) Substrate Level Phosphorylation This is a metabolic process where a phosphate group is directly transferred from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP, forming ATP. It occurs in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, independent of the electron transport chain. (b) Glycolysis Glycolysis is the ten-step pathway by which glucose is broken down
Disabled !
