Introduction
Mahatma Gandhi considered untouchability to be one of the biggest social evils in Indian society. He believed that it was against the core principles of human dignity, equality, and justice. Gandhi dedicated a major part of his life to fighting against this practice and working for the upliftment of the so-called “untouchables”, whom he referred to as Harijans (children of God). This answer explains Gandhi’s efforts to remove untouchability in India in a clear and simple manner.
Gandhi’s View on Untouchability
- He believed untouchability was a sin and a stain on Hinduism.
- He felt that no person should be treated as impure or inferior due to their birth or occupation.
- He considered the fight against untouchability as a spiritual and moral duty.
Major Initiatives by Gandhi
1. Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932)
- Founded by Gandhi to promote the welfare of the Dalits or Harijans.
- It worked to provide education, employment, and dignity to the marginalized sections.
- Volunteers from all castes were encouraged to participate in its work.
2. Temple Entry Movements
- Gandhi led campaigns for allowing Harijans to enter temples, which were traditionally closed to them.
- He believed spiritual equality was important for social reform.
- Example: The Vaikom Satyagraha in Kerala was one such movement.
3. Promotion of Inter-dining and Inter-caste Marriages
- He encouraged people from upper castes to eat with and treat Harijans as equals.
- He also supported inter-caste marriages as a way to break down caste walls.
4. Campaigns through Newspapers
- Gandhi used his weekly journal Harijan to raise awareness about the issue.
- He wrote regularly to challenge the mindset of people and to call for unity.
5. Economic Empowerment
- He urged the Harijans to engage in khadi and village industries to become self-reliant.
- He also encouraged other communities to help them financially and with jobs.
6. Poona Pact (1932)
- Gandhi opposed the British proposal for a separate electorate for Dalits.
- He feared it would divide Hindu society further.
- After a fast-unto-death, the Poona Pact was signed between Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, ensuring reserved seats for Dalits in legislatures without separating electorates.
7. Personal Example
- Gandhi lived with Harijans in his ashrams and did not tolerate discrimination.
- He cleaned toilets and performed other manual tasks himself to show respect for all work.
Impact of Gandhi’s Work
- Untouchability became a major national issue.
- Many upper-caste people began to change their thinking and behavior.
- The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, abolished untouchability under Article 17.
Conclusion
Gandhi’s work against untouchability was a major step towards building a more equal and humane society. Though much remains to be done even today, his efforts laid the foundation for the Dalit rights movement in India. His message of love, respect, and equality continues to inspire people to fight against caste-based discrimination.