Regulation of the TCA Cycle Introduction The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or Citric Acid Cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that generates ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Its regulation is crucial for maintaining cellular energy balance and metabolic integration. Key Regulatory Points […]
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ATP – The Biological Energy Currency and Its Multiple Roles Introduction ATP, or Adenosine Triphosphate, is a universal energy carrier in all living cells. It plays a crucial role in storing and transferring energy needed for various biochemical processes. The term “biological energy currency” is often used to describe ATP due to its ability to
Key Metabolic Terms Explained (a) Substrate Level Phosphorylation This is a metabolic process where a phosphate group is directly transferred from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP, forming ATP. It occurs in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, independent of the electron transport chain. (b) Glycolysis Glycolysis is the ten-step pathway by which glucose is broken down
Four Levels of Protein Structure and Types of Bonds Involved Introduction Proteins are complex molecules made of amino acids linked together in a specific sequence. The final shape of a protein determines its function and is organized into four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Each level is maintained by specific types of
BBCCT-101 – Molecules of Life: Assignment Answers Master Post Below is a list of all questions answered for the IGNOU BBCCT-101 assignment along with links to each detailed post: Define biochemistry and explain its interdisciplinary nature. Provide examples of its integration with other scientific fields. Explain why water is referred to as the “universal solvent.”
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Significance of Bioinformatics in Modern Biochemistry Introduction Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, and information technology to manage and analyze biological data. In modern biochemistry, bioinformatics has become an indispensable tool for understanding complex biological systems, studying genes and proteins, and transforming areas such as drug discovery and genetic research. What
Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity with Examples Introduction Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They are highly sensitive to changes in their environment, and one of the most critical factors that affect enzyme activity is pH. The pH level determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, which
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Classification of Carbohydrates and the Importance of Glycosidic Bonds Introduction Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as a primary source of energy and also play structural and signaling roles in living organisms. Carbohydrates can be classified based on their complexity and the number of sugar units they contain. They
The Four Levels of Protein Structure and Role of Peptide Bonds Introduction Proteins are complex molecules that play crucial roles in biological systems. They are made up of long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. The shape and function of a protein depend on how the amino acid chain folds into a
Classification of Amino Acids Based on Structure and Physicochemical Properties Introduction to Amino Acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid has a central carbon (called the alpha carbon) bonded to four groups: an amino group (–NH₂), a carboxyl group (–COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and a side chain (R group).
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