IGNOU Assignment 2025-26

Nature of regional capital cities during the fifteenth century

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Introduction The fifteenth century in India witnessed the rise of many regional kingdoms following the decline of the Delhi Sultanate’s central authority. These regional powers established their own capital cities, which became important centers of administration, culture, economy, and military strength. Each of these cities reflected the unique political, cultural, and architectural character of the […]

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Mohenjodaro Houses

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Introduction Mohenjodaro, one of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization (around 2500 BCE), provides significant archaeological insights into ancient urban architecture. Among its most remarkable features are the residential houses built with a high degree of planning and functionality. These houses reflect the urban sophistication and daily life of the people of Mohenjodaro.

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Cosmopolitan Cities: Delhi Sultanate

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Introduction During the Delhi Sultanate period (13th–16th century), cities in North India, especially Delhi, developed into cosmopolitan urban centers. A cosmopolitan city is one where people of different backgrounds, regions, religions, and cultures live and interact. Under the rule of the Delhi Sultans, several cities displayed characteristics of cosmopolitanism through their diverse populations, architecture, trade,

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Examine the nature and character of urbanization in north India during Gupta period.

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Introduction The Gupta period (approximately 4th to 6th century CE) is often referred to as the “Golden Age” of ancient India due to its significant achievements in art, science, literature, and governance. This era also saw important developments in the urban landscape of north India. Urbanization during this time reflected both continuity from earlier periods

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Discuss the characteristics of Early Historic urban centres of south India.

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Introduction Early Historic urban centres of South India, which flourished between 3rd century BCE and 3rd century CE, mark an important phase in the region’s history. These towns were closely connected to trade, religion, and administration. They grew around rivers, coastal areas, and important trade routes, becoming vibrant centers of life and culture. In this

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Write a note on the urban planning in the Harappan cities

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Introduction The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, is one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world. It existed around 2500 BCE in parts of present-day India and Pakistan. The cities of Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Dholavira, and others were highly advanced and are known for their excellent urban planning. In this post,

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What are the different approaches to study the medieval towns?

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Introduction Medieval towns in India are a fascinating subject of study for historians and urban researchers. These towns were not just places of residence but also centers of political power, economic activity, religious life, and cultural exchange. Understanding medieval towns requires a variety of perspectives, and over the years, scholars have developed multiple approaches to

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Explain the factors responsible for the failure of the congress to contain the Muslim league and its brand of communal politics.

Leave a Comment / MHI-09: Indian National Movement /

Introduction The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League were two of the most important political organizations during India’s freedom struggle. While the Congress aimed for a united and secular India, the Muslim League increasingly pushed for a separate Muslim nation, eventually leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The failure of Congress to

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Discuss the manner in which the nationalist leadership tried to integrate the Dalits and minorities within the mainstream of the national movement.

Leave a Comment / MHI-09: Indian National Movement /

Introduction The Indian national movement aimed to unite all Indians against British rule. But Indian society was divided by religion, caste, language, and region. Among the most marginalized were the Dalits (formerly called ‘untouchables’) and religious minorities. Nationalist leaders understood that independence could not be achieved without the participation of all communities. In this post,

Discuss the manner in which the nationalist leadership tried to integrate the Dalits and minorities within the mainstream of the national movement. Read More »

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