Actuality Actuality refers to the realized or manifested state of being, as opposed to mere potential. In metaphysical discourse, especially in Aristotelian philosophy, actuality (energeia or entelecheia) is a key concept used to explain the process of becoming and being. According to Aristotle, all beings exist in a dynamic state of potentiality and actuality. A […]
Write a note on Carvaka’s metaphysics Introduction The Carvaka school represents an ancient materialist tradition within Indian philosophy. It is known for its radical rejection of metaphysical and religious claims that cannot be directly perceived or experienced through the senses. Core Tenets of Carvaka Metaphysics Carvaka’s metaphysics is grounded in empiricism. It recognizes only perception
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What is sufficient and necessary reason? Distinguish them with some examples Introduction In metaphysics and logic, the concepts of necessary and sufficient reasons are crucial for understanding causality and explanation. These notions help define the conditions under which a statement, event, or phenomenon is considered valid or true. Necessary Reason A necessary reason or condition
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In what sense will you define beauty? Give some arguments for subjective and objective understanding of the concept of beauty Introduction Beauty is a central concept in aesthetics and metaphysics. It refers to the quality that gives pleasure to the senses or the mind. Philosophers have debated whether beauty is an inherent property of objects
What is the meaning of ‘Being as the principle of limitation’? Explain briefly Introduction The phrase “Being as the principle of limitation” addresses a key idea in metaphysics that links existence with the concept of definition or boundary. To be something, rather than anything or everything, is to have a definite form — a limit.
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Write a short essay on kinds of relation Introduction In metaphysics, the concept of relation is vital in understanding how entities interact, influence, and depend on each other. Relations provide a structure to the universe by linking individuals, properties, and events in a coherent way. Basic Classification Relations can be categorized in multiple ways based
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Write a note on Brahmaparinamvada Introduction Brahmaparinamvada is a significant metaphysical doctrine found in certain schools of Indian philosophy, especially in early Vedanta. The term means “the doctrine of transformation of Brahman,” suggesting that the world is a real transformation of the ultimate reality, Brahman. Philosophical Basis According to Brahmaparinamvada, the universe is not an
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Discuss and evaluate the idea of role of potency in evolution Introduction The concept of potency (shakti) in metaphysics refers to the inherent capacity within entities to develop, transform, or manifest new states of being. In the context of evolution, potency plays a crucial role in explaining how change and development occur from potential states
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Evaluate Samkara’s concept of reality Introduction Adi Shankaracharya or Samkara is the key proponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of Indian philosophy. His concept of reality centers around non-dualism, emphasizing that only Brahman is ultimately real, and the world of plurality is an illusion (maya). Samkara’s Non-Dualism According to Samkara, Brahman is the only unchanging,
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What is free will? Critically evaluate the notion of free will Introduction Free will refers to the capacity of individuals to make choices unconstrained by external or internal forces. It is a foundational concept in ethics, metaphysics, and human psychology. The debate around free will centers on whether our choices are truly autonomous or determined
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