Characteristics of Empiricism Empiricism is a major school of thought in epistemology that asserts that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience. It opposes rationalism, which holds that reason is the main source of knowledge. The core idea of empiricism is that the mind starts as a blank slate (Tabula Rasa) and is shaped by experience. […]
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Cogito ergo sum The Latin phrase “Cogito ergo sum” means “I think, therefore I am.” It was introduced by René Descartes, a French philosopher, as a foundational statement in his search for certainty in knowledge. Descartes used this proposition in his work Meditations on First Philosophy to overcome radical doubt. Descartes began by doubting everything
The Principle of Sufficient Reasoning The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) is a foundational philosophical concept that asserts that everything must have a reason, cause, or explanation. It was most famously formulated by the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. According to the PSR, for every fact, there must be a rational explanation for why it
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Tabula Rasa The concept of Tabula Rasa originates from the Latin term meaning “blank slate.” It is most famously associated with the English philosopher John Locke. In his work Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke proposed that the human mind at birth is like a blank slate, without any innate ideas. According to him, all knowledge
Introduction Myth as a spiritual metaphor refers to symbolic stories that convey deep truths about existence, morality, and human destiny. Myths are not merely fictional tales; they are allegorical narratives that express spiritual insights and metaphysical realities. They serve as metaphors to explain the human condition and the universe’s mysteries. Spiritual Significance of Myths In
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Introduction Research tools are essential instruments or methods used to collect, analyze, and interpret data. In philosophy, research tools help explore abstract concepts, construct arguments, and evaluate ideas logically. While philosophical research is not always empirical, it still relies on certain tools to ensure clarity, coherence, and critical thinking. Types of Research Tools Logic and
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Introduction René Descartes, a 17th-century French philosopher, is often called the father of modern philosophy. His rational method laid the foundation for the shift from medieval scholasticism to a modern, scientific worldview. Descartes emphasized reason as the path to knowledge and developed a methodical approach grounded in doubt, clarity, and logical deduction. Method of Systematic
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Introduction Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher, introduced the concept of Deconstruction as a critical method to analyze texts, structures, and meanings. Deconstruction does not seek to destroy but to dismantle traditional assumptions, uncover hidden biases, and reveal the complexity and instability of meaning. It is a cornerstone of postmodern philosophy and literary theory. Core Ideas
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Introduction The analytic method in philosophy is a prominent approach that emphasizes clarity, precision, and logical structure in the analysis of philosophical problems. It emerged in the early 20th century in response to abstract and often speculative continental traditions. Analytic philosophy, rooted in the works of philosophers like Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, and Ludwig Wittgenstein,
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Introduction The hermeneutical method in philosophy refers to the theory and practice of interpretation, particularly of texts, symbols, and human experiences. Rooted in ancient traditions of scriptural exegesis, hermeneutics has evolved into a broad philosophical approach concerned with understanding and meaning. This method has gained significance in modern philosophy through the works of thinkers like
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