Introduction
Kshanbhangvad is the Buddhist theory of momentariness, especially prominent in the Abhidharma and Madhyamaka schools. It states that everything exists only for a moment and is in constant flux. The concept challenges the idea of permanence in both self and phenomena.
Concept of Kshanbhangvad
According to this theory, all phenomena (dharmas) arise and perish instantly. There is no stable or enduring entity; instead, reality is a stream of fleeting moments. This view supports the doctrine of Anicca (impermanence) in Buddhism.
Arthakriyakaritva Argument
Arthakriyakaritva means the capacity of a thing to perform a function or produce an effect. According to Buddhist thinkers, something must be real only if it can produce a result. Since effects occur in specific moments, only momentary things are real.
This argument strengthens the theory of momentariness: if things existed beyond a moment, they would either be unchanging and inactive or eternal and inert, which contradicts experience.
Evaluation
The idea of kshanbhangvad offers a logical explanation for change and causality. It is consistent with the Buddhist denial of permanent self (Anatta) and supports the path toward detachment and liberation.
However, critics argue that total momentariness challenges the continuity of experience and personal identity. If nothing lasts even a second, how can memory or learning occur?
Conclusion
Kshanbhangvad presents a radical view of reality as a succession of moments. The argument of arthakriyakaritva effectively supports this doctrine by linking reality to functionality. Still, the theory raises complex questions about continuity and coherence in lived experience.