March 2025

Philosophical Foundations of Gandhi’s political perspective

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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s political philosophy was deeply rooted in ethics, spirituality, and the Indian cultural tradition. Unlike Western political ideologies that often separated politics from morality, Gandhi saw no such division. His political activism was a reflection of his spiritual and philosophical beliefs. Concepts like truth (Satya), non-violence (Ahimsa), self-rule (Swaraj), and self-discipline formed the […]

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E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker on Dravidian Mobilisation

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Introduction E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, popularly known as Periyar, was a pioneering social reformer, rationalist, and political activist from Tamil Nadu. He played a crucial role in mobilizing the Dravidian identity as a counter to Brahminical dominance, caste oppression, and North Indian political hegemony. Through the Self-Respect Movement and the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK), Periyar championed the

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Sir Syed Ahmed Khan on Hindu–Muslim unity

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Introduction Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817–1898) was a prominent reformer, educator, and thinker in colonial India. Best known for founding the Aligarh Muslim University, he played a pivotal role in modernizing the Muslim community through education and social reform. While he is often remembered for his efforts to promote Muslim advancement, Sir Syed also made

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Jawaharlal Nehru’s vision of secularism

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Introduction Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, was a staunch advocate of secularism. His vision of a secular India was deeply influenced by modern liberal democratic values, scientific rationalism, and the pluralistic nature of Indian society. Nehru saw secularism as an essential foundation for the unity and integrity of India, a country marked by vast

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Role of Muslims in anti-imperialist movement in Colonial India

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Introduction Muslims played a vital and multifaceted role in the anti-imperialist movement in colonial India. While the nationalist movement has often been portrayed through dominant Hindu or secular leadership, it is important to acknowledge the significant contributions of Muslim leaders, organizations, and common people to the struggle against British colonialism. From the Revolt of 1857

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Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia’s socialist thought

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Introduction Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia was a visionary thinker, freedom fighter, and one of India’s foremost socialist leaders. Known for his intellectual depth and commitment to social justice, Lohia developed a unique brand of socialism rooted in Indian realities. He combined Marxist ideas with Gandhian principles and sought to create an egalitarian, non-violent, and culturally

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Swami Vivekananda on Nationalism

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Introduction Swami Vivekananda, one of the most influential spiritual leaders of modern India, played a vital role in shaping Indian nationalism. While he is often celebrated for introducing Indian philosophy to the West, his ideas on nationalism were equally transformative. For Vivekananda, nationalism was not merely a political or territorial aspiration—it was a spiritual awakening,

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Discuss Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s views on caste system and its annihilation.

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Introduction Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Indian Constitution and one of the most influential social reformers of modern India, devoted much of his life to fighting the caste system. Born into a Dalit family, Ambedkar experienced caste-based discrimination firsthand. His deep critique of the caste system and call for its annihilation became

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Examine M.S. Golwalkar’s views on negative and positive Hindutva.

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Introduction M.S. Golwalkar, often referred to as Guruji, was a key ideologue of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and a prominent figure in shaping the ideological foundations of Hindutva. His writings and speeches laid out a comprehensive framework for what he considered the essential character of the Indian nation. Central to Golwalkar’s philosophy was the

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Examine the arrival of nationalism in early 19th century India.

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Introduction The early 19th century marked a turning point in Indian history with the gradual emergence of nationalism. Though the Indian freedom struggle took organized form in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its ideological and emotional roots were laid much earlier. The arrival of nationalism in early 19th century India was shaped by

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