September 2025

Write a brief note on the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN)

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Introduction The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is a leading institution in Africa dedicated to providing education through open and distance learning. Established to increase access to higher education, NOUN plays a vital role in Nigeria’s efforts to promote flexible, inclusive, and quality education across the country. Establishment and Mission NOUN was officially established […]

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Explain briefly major commonalities in higher education systems among third world countries

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Introduction Third World countries, also known as developing nations, often share similar historical, social, and economic backgrounds. Due to this, their higher education systems also exhibit several common characteristics. These countries, primarily in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, have made continuous efforts to improve access to quality education for their growing populations. Common Features in

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Describe briefly the main features of dual mode institution

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Introduction A dual mode institution is a university or educational institution that offers both conventional (face-to-face) and distance education programs. These institutions play a significant role in expanding access to education by providing flexible options for different types of learners. Dual mode institutions are common in many countries, including India. Main Features of Dual Mode

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Write a brief note on the organisational structure of IGNOU

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Introduction The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) is the largest open university in India and serves millions of students across the country and abroad. To manage its vast academic and administrative operations efficiently, IGNOU follows a well-defined organizational structure. This structure supports academic planning, delivery of instructional services, student support, and administrative coordination. Organisational

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Discuss the management functions of an organisation.

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Introduction Management is essential for the smooth functioning of any organization, including educational institutions like those in the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) system. Management functions help in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the resources of an organization to achieve its goals efficiently. In this post, we will explain the main functions of management with

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MDE-413 Solved Assignment Answers – Learner Support Systems and Services

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Master Post: MDE-413 Solved Assignment (Learner Support Systems and Services) Below is the complete list of solved answers for the MDE-413 assignment. Each post has been written in easy language and meets IGNOU’s word limit requirements. Click on the question title to read each full answer. Why do learners need support services and how are

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Explain and illustrate the tutor’s comments on learner’s assignment responses and discuss how these comments are helpful for the learners.

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Introduction In the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) system, assignments play a critical role in both learning and evaluation. Tutors not only grade the assignments but also provide written feedback or comments. These tutor’s comments guide, motivate, and help the learner improve. In this post, we will explain the nature of tutor comments and how

Explain and illustrate the tutor’s comments on learner’s assignment responses and discuss how these comments are helpful for the learners. Read More »

What is a study centre? Describe its major functions.

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Introduction A study centre is a local support unit set up by Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions to help learners. Since students in ODL systems do not attend regular classes, study centres provide the necessary academic and administrative assistance close to their homes. These centres are an essential part of learner support services. What

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Discuss briefly about various models of self-directed learning.

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Introduction Self-directed learning (SDL) is a process in which learners take control of their own learning journey. In Open and Distance Learning (ODL), SDL is very important because learners often study independently. Several educational theorists have proposed different models to explain how self-directed learning works. Let’s explore some key models of self-directed learning. 1. Knowles’

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How is counselling different from tutoring? Justify your answer with appropriate examples.

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Introduction In the context of education, especially in Open and Distance Learning (ODL), both counselling and tutoring are essential services. However, they are not the same. While tutoring focuses on academic support and content-related guidance, counselling addresses the learner’s emotional, motivational, and personal development needs. In this post, we will clearly explain the difference between

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