Introduction Liberty is one of the most important concepts in political theory. It refers to the condition where individuals are free to act according to their will, within certain limits. However, liberty is not just about doing anything one likes; it is about having reasonable freedom without harming others. Political philosophers have distinguished between two […]
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Introduction Rights are one of the most important concepts in political theory. They are the claims or entitlements that individuals have which are protected by law, morality, or social recognition. Rights ensure that individuals live with dignity, freedom, and equality within society. They are not just privileges but essential conditions for human existence. In this
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Introduction Democracy is one of the most important political ideas in the modern world. It refers to a system where people participate in governance, either directly or through elected representatives. However, democracy is not just about holding elections. It has two important aspects: procedural democracy and substantive democracy. In this answer, we will examine both
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Introduction Political theory is the systematic study of ideas, values, and principles that explain how societies are governed and how power is distributed. It traces its roots back to ancient civilizations and has evolved over centuries through contributions from philosophers, statesmen, and scholars. The evolution of political theory reflects changes in human society, economy, and
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MSOE-004: Urban Sociology – Solved Assignment 2024-25 Below are the solved answers for the IGNOU MSOE-004 Urban Sociology Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) for the academic year 2024-25. Click on the links to view the full answers: Section I What is urban sociology? Discuss its historical background. Discuss the characteristic features of a city with special
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MSOE-003: Sociology of Religion – Assignment Answer Links Below are the direct links to all the solved questions for the IGNOU MSOE-003 Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) for the academic year 2024–25. Outline the Marxian concept of religion. Examine totemism as an elementary form of religion. What is “okka”? Discuss with examples. Explain T.N. Madan’s view
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Introduction Claude Lévi-Strauss was a famous French anthropologist known for developing the theory of structuralism. He studied how human cultures are shaped by deep structures in the human mind. One of the topics he explored was totemism, a system of belief where certain animals, plants, or objects are considered sacred and symbolically connected to human
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Introduction Clifford Geertz was a famous American anthropologist who developed a cultural approach to understanding religion. Instead of focusing only on religious institutions or beliefs, Geertz looked at religion as a system of symbols and meanings that shape how people live, think, and understand the world. His ideas helped scholars study religion not just as
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Introduction Secularism is the principle of separating religion from the state or government. It ensures that people of all religions are treated equally and that the government does not favor or oppose any religion. In the context of India, secularism has a unique meaning due to the country’s diverse religious population. In this answer, we
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Introduction The phenomenology of religion is a method of studying religion by focusing on how religious experiences are understood and lived by believers. Instead of judging whether religious beliefs are true or false, phenomenology tries to understand the inner meanings and symbols of religion from the point of view of the believer. One of the
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