2025

What is the concept of Tao? Discuss the philosophy of Symbol in Taoism.

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Introduction Taoism, an ancient Chinese philosophy, is centered around the concept of Tao (also spelled Dao), meaning “the Way.” It refers to the ultimate reality and natural order of the universe. The Tao is the source and principle behind everything. Concept of Tao The Tao is formless, eternal, and beyond human comprehension. It flows through […]

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Discuss the idea of essence and existence in Islamic Philosophy.

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Introduction Islamic philosophy has a rich tradition of metaphysical inquiry, including debates about essence and existence. Philosophers such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd) explored these concepts deeply, integrating insights from Greek philosophy with Islamic theology. Essence (Mahiyyah) Essence refers to what something is — its defining nature or identity. For example, the

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Discuss the concept of Ren and Empathy in Confucianism. How do these concepts contribute in the moral philosophy of Confucianism?

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Introduction Confucianism is a Chinese philosophical and ethical tradition based on the teachings of Confucius. It emphasizes humaneness, morality, and harmonious relationships. Two key concepts in its moral framework are Ren (benevolence) and empathy, which shape personal and social ethics. Ren – Benevolence or Humaneness Ren is the core virtue in Confucianism. It refers to

Discuss the concept of Ren and Empathy in Confucianism. How do these concepts contribute in the moral philosophy of Confucianism? Read More »

How Buddhist Philosophy try to establish karma-theory without accepting soul?

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Introduction Buddhism is unique among Indian philosophical traditions because it accepts the law of karma while rejecting the idea of a permanent soul (atman). This raises a key question: how can karma and rebirth function without a self to carry them? Buddhist philosophy resolves this through the doctrine of dependent origination and the concept of

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What is the concept of purusartha in Hinduism? Write a short note on the metaphysical basis of purusartha.

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Introduction In Hinduism, the concept of Purusartha refers to the four goals or aims of human life. These are Dharma (duty), Artha (wealth), Kama (pleasure), and Moksha (liberation). They offer a comprehensive framework for leading a balanced, meaningful, and spiritually fulfilling life. The Four Purusarthas 1. Dharma – Righteous Duty Dharma refers to ethical living,

What is the concept of purusartha in Hinduism? Write a short note on the metaphysical basis of purusartha. Read More »

Compare the concept of reality of Sikhism and Buddhism.

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Introduction The concept of reality is central to all religious philosophies. Sikhism and Buddhism, though originating in India, present distinct understandings of reality. This comparison explores how each tradition views ultimate reality and human existence. Reality in Sikhism Sikhism teaches belief in one supreme, formless, and timeless God, known as Waheguru or Ik Onkar. Reality

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Explain syadvad and anekantvad. Discuss the role of these theories in Ethics advocated by Jainism.

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Introduction Jainism, one of the oldest philosophical and religious traditions of India, has a unique approach to understanding reality and ethics. Two central doctrines in Jain thought — Syadvad (the theory of conditioned predication) and Anekantvad (the theory of manifold aspects) — serve not only as tools for philosophical understanding but also form the basis

Explain syadvad and anekantvad. Discuss the role of these theories in Ethics advocated by Jainism. Read More »

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